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The influence of bicycle saddle position on muscle tone of the triceps surae muscle
Králíčková, Iva ; Šifta, Petr (advisor) ; Otáhal, Jakub (referee)
Title: The influence of bicycle saddle position on muscle tone of the triceps surae muscle Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to find out what is the effect of changing the bicycle saddle position on muscle tone of triceps surae muscle. And whether the higher seat position will also increase muscle tone of the calf muscle. Methods: The thesis is divided into the theoretical part, where there is the information from the scientific literature on the subject and a practical part. The theoretical part includes anatomical descriptions and rheological properties of skeletal muscles, muscle tension and its regulation. Part of it is also the biomechanics of cycling, bike geometry and the options of bicycle seat setting and also the risk implications of the incorrect bicycle seat position. The practical part was prepared as a research by measuring of muscle tone by the myotonometer. For measurement was used the triceps surae muscle of the seven probands on the dominant lower limb. The measurement were twice two weeks apart with the different bicycle seat height. Results: The measurement results confirmed that change of bicycle saddle position has an influence on the muscle tone and that the higher saddle position will also increase muscle tone of the calf muscle. Keywords: bicycle saddle position, saddle...
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Stretching and the Maximal Muscle Strength
Šádek, Petr ; Konopková, Renata (advisor) ; Otáhal, Jakub (referee)
Title: The effect of stretching on maximal muscle performance Objectives: Due to the number of studies, concerning the effect of the muscle stretch on sport performance and their heterogeneity in the term of used parameters, tests and even performing the stretch exercises themselves, it would be desirable, thanks to the importance of this subject, to consolide and evaluate up-to-date knowledge. The goal of this diploma thesis is to compare and assess available literature concerning the effect of muscle stretch during warmup on the sport performance and, ideally, to define the best type of the stretching itself. Method: The diploma thesis is composed as a literature review - an integrative review with exactly defined criteria for the use of available studies. Result : Even with the nonuniformity of parameters used in available studies there is a consensus in most of the used sources, which met the criteria of inclusion in this research, which (the consensus) determinates the dynamic stretching as the form most appropriate for enhancing the following sport performance. Although studies, proving this result, are in their findings quite unanimous, a precise definition of prefered exercises for peforming the dynamic stretching and of its parameters is still missing. Key words: stretching, dynamic,...
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Golf swing in subjects with amputation of lower extremity
Richtrová, Michaela ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Šifta, Petr (referee)
Author: Bc. Michaela Richtrová Tittle: Golf swing in subjects with amputation of lower extremity Objectives: The study aims at evaluation of the technique of golf swing used by patients with a different type and level of lower extremity amputation as compared to able-bodied golfers. Another objective is determination of the relation between individual phases of the golf swing and weight transfer, using different golf clubs, as compared to able-bodied golfers. Method: By its topic the work is a pilot study. The research has been divided into three descriptive case studies. The experimental group included two amateur golfers and one professional golfer. The control group was represented by an able-bodied golfer. Evaluation of kinematic parameters (trajectory of shoulders, hips, knee joints) was based on the Qualysis Motion Capture System. Evaluation of dynamic parameters (weight transfer) in the course of golf swing was made using two dynamometric Kistler platforms. Results: The measuring has demonstrated that in terms of both kinematics and dynamics, the mode of movement of a patient with a trans-tibial amputation during a golf swing corresponds to that of an able-bodied golfer. The same results were achieved by the patient also with the use of another type of golf club. A change, both in terms of...
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The role of nitric oxide in the patophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases
Matušková, Hana ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Alánová, Petra (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the importance of nitric oxide in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Nitric oxide is a biological active gas which affects, among other things, many functions of the central nervous system. Its activity is dependent on the concentration in small amounts has a positive effect, while overproduction contributes significantly to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In my work, I deal with the negative influence of nitric oxide in the development of epileptic seizures, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. In conclusion, I mentioned the possibility of determining the amount of nitric oxide concentration. Keywords Nitric oxide, ROS, RNS, neurodegenerative diseases, epileptic seizures, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease
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Recruitment curve of H reflex in diagnostics of pseudoradicular syndrom
Vocilka, Jindřich ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Šifta, Petr (referee)
Title: Recruitment curve of H-reflex in diagnostics of non-radicular syndroms Objectives: The main objective of this work is to verify the conductivity of nerve structures examination recruitment curves H-reflex and M-wave in the EMG examination in probands with non-radicular syndrome L5/S1. Methods: We tested 12 probands clinical trial diagnosed with non-radicular syndrome L5/S1. The test sample was compared with an equally large group of control probands. H-reflex of m.soleus was examined by bipolar stimulation in the fossa poplitea of tibial nerve. The results of an electromyographic examination was evaluated to asymptomatic and symptomatic side. Amplitude of H-reflex and M-wave, slope of recruitment curve, peaks of recruitment curves for the H-reflex and M-wave and the ratio Hmax / Mmax were evaluated and statistically compared. Results: Results of non-radicular syndrome L5/S1showed no significant change in the H-reflex. Due to this result we can suggests that there is no damage in nerve fibres in patients with non-radicular syndrome. Keywords: non-radicular syndrome, H-reflex, M-wave, recruitment curve
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Consequences of forced hypokinesia on human movement apparatus
Kadlecová, Jana ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Otáhal, Jakub (referee)
Title: Consequences of forced hypokinesia on human movement aparatus. Objectives: The aim of this study was to find out the influence of forced hypokinesia after total hip replacement on the excitability of α motoneurons. I deal with the changes of H-reflex and M-wave latencies and the changes of the recruitment curves. The results of the operated and non-operated (kontrol) lower limb were compared. Methods: Five volunteers 3 - 4 weeks after total hip replacement participated in this study. The age was 62,4 (± 3,01). The H-reflex was elicited by stimulation of tibial nerve in a poplitel fossa. The H-reflex and M-wave latencies and its recruitment curves were obtained. After that the values of the operated lower limb were compared with the non-operated one (control). The results were evaluated as case studies. The EMG device Grass Telefactor was used to detect the electrical potential of soleus muscle. The rectangular pulses of 0,5 ms duration were used for stimulation tibial nerve by Grass 88 Stimulator. Then the data were transduced by CED Power 1401 device. Results: We found out that the H-reflexes of both lower limbs were not elicited in the case study no. 2 and the H-reflex of a control lower limb was not elicited in case study no. 1. The stimulus intensities for eliciting H-reflex and M-wave...
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The biomechanical effects of levator ani muscle laceration injuries after vaginal delivery
Křepelka, Petr ; Šifta, Petr (advisor) ; Otáhal, Jakub (referee)
Title: The biomechanical effects of levator ani muscle laceration injuries after vaginal delivery Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to sum up current knowledge about the normal structure and function of levator ani muscle and findings about dysfunctions of a pelvic floor. By means of biomechanical instruments to analyse how the lower part of levator ani muscle closes (puborectalis muscle) during unilateral avulsion lesion. On the basis of computer simulation of biomechanical properties of the pelvic floor during avulsion lesion to describe the theoretical solutions for the therapy of the main types of dysfunctions of the pelvic floor. Methods: Biomechanical analysis was used with a help of computer model of muscular pelvic floor with a help of the ABAQUS model. This model with matched properties of muscular tissue was influenced by the standard pressure which influences the pelvic floor for a person of 80 kilos standing at rest. This model simulated unilateral avulsion lesion and biomechanical variables were observed during compensatory activation of uninjured parts of levator with the activity 100%, 50% and 10%. The map of the muscular tone and the rate of movement of the muscles of the pelvic floor were evaluated. Results: Only minimal movement is observed in the intact pelvic floor during...
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Myodynamics of the support phase during different take-off tasks in human locomotion
Hojka, Vladimír ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Otáhal, Jakub (referee) ; Kampmiller, Tomáš (referee)
Title: Myodynamics of the support phase during different take-off tasks in human locomotion Objectives: Six types of take-off movement were analyzed in terms of support limb kinematics, take-off dynamics and muscle activation, in order to identify differences in motor control. Methods: 14 male athletes (22.6 ± 4.4 years; 182.4 ± 5.3 cm; 74.7 ± 6.2 kg) took part in laboratory experiment. Each athlete performed six different take-off movements (running, acceleration - first and second step, long jump take-off, high jump take-off and take-off to the hurdle). System Qualisys was used to analyze kinematics of the support limb. Dynamic of the suport phase was measured with Kistler 9281 EA force- plate. ME6000 apparatus was used to measure the muscle activation. Results were processed and statistically evaluated in Matlab (MathWorks, Inc) environment. Pair ANOVA, T-test and Friedmann test were performed to identify differences between take-off movements. regression analysis was introduced to find the relationship between parameters. Results: Significant differences in take-off dynamics are realized with not so significant differences in kinematic and electromyographic parameters. high jump and long jump take-offs acted most specifically in comparison with other types of take-offs. Two typically...
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Evaluation of surgical treatment of hip joint with diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement syndrom.
Zahradník, Petr ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Chládek, Petr (referee)
Title: The evaluation of surgical treatment of the hip in the diagnosis of femor- acetabular impingement syndrome. Objectives: The main objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of the surgery of the hip in diagnosis of femor-acetabular hip impingement. Methods: In our work we have cooperated with 103 patients who have been operated on hip with the diagnosis of femor-acetabular hip impingement (FAI). We used standardized questionnaires of WOMAC and NAHS, which assesses functional self- care, limitations in motion and painfulness. Patients completed questionnaires twice. For the first time before surgery and second time at least one year after the surgery. The specimens of questionnaire are attached in the Annex. Results: We found out that postoperative condition is significantly different from the preoperative state in terms of improved self-care, increased range of motion and reduction of painfulness. Keywords: Femor-acetabular impingement, hip surgery, WOMAC, NAHS
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