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Anterograde tracing - a method for detection of plasticity of neuronal tracts
Krausová, Zuzana ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Konopková, Renata (referee)
Title of work: Anterograde tracing - method for detecting conversion neuronal pathways in CNS focal lesion Objective: Create a suitable methodology for dyeing commissural fibers and its future use it to evaluate the plasticity of nerve tissue and confirmed using the anterograde tracer detecting fibers from the application site of the tracer in the contralateral projection area. Method: The experiment was carried out on adult individuals of the rat, which It was applied anterograde tracer BDA. Then we watched the ability of the tracer color commissural nerve fibers and fibers on the behavior of the application site in sensorimotor cortex. Results show that Biotinylated dextran amine is capable as anterograde tracer color neurons and fibers in the puncture cannula. However, our experiment It proves that BDA is suitable for marking commissural connections from the application site contralateral. Key words: focal cerebral ischemia, anterograde tracing, BDA, white matter, plasticity nervous tissue Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Effect of surface electrode type on quality of decopmposition of surface EMG signal
Strusková, Edita ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Michalec, Radim (referee)
Title: Effect of surface electrode type on quality of decomposition of surface EMG signal Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effect of surface electrode type, which was used for EMG record, on the quality of decomposition of surface EMG signal using decomposition software EMGlab. Methods: The form of the thesis is an experimental essay. It was detected an EMG signal from one healthy volunteer during mild cyclic contraction. It was used three different types of electrodes (standard surface electrode, tetrode, tetrode with saw-off spikes) for EMG signal detection. These signals were decomposed in program EMGlab. The results were processed in program MS Excel, compared with each other and graphically displayed. Results: The measurement verified a hypothesis which claimed that the used type of electrode affects the quality of automatic decomposition. The best results of automatic decomposition provide the signal gained from the standard surface electrode. Key words: action potential, decomposition, surface electrodes, EMG signal, tetrode, electromyography
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Discrimination of EMG signals from individual forearm muscles from surface EMG.
Krásná, Jana ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Konopková, Renata (referee)
Title: Discrimination of EMG signals from individual forearm muscles from surface EMG Abstract: Location of electrodes for sensing the forearm muscles using surface electromyography is not accurately described. It is based only on recommendations by various authors in making researches. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal placement of electrodes on the forearm and describe it to another repeatable measurements. By analyzing the amplitude of EMG recording is confirmed not only the optimal location of electrodes, but either suggested muscle synergies that are possible to analyze more deeply in other studies because a detailed examination of muscle synergies are considerable application in upper limb prosthetics Keywords: Surface electromyography, forearm muscles, amplitude analysis
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The role of nitric oxide during in pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases
Sikora Marečková, Věra ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Konopková, Renata (referee)
Title: The role of nitric oxide in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the effect of nitric oxide on the formation and development of neurodegenerative diseases. Another objective was to determinate, whether NO affects by its impact processes involved in apoptosis in the CNS. Methods: The thesis is prepared in the form of research, drawing from available relevant resources. Results: Nitric oxide is widely applied in the pathophysiology of selected neurodegenerative diseases, either directly or through other reactive nitrogen and oxygen. It also affects other factors that are involved in apoptosis in the CNS. Keywords: Nitric oxide, NMDA receptors, neurodegenerative diseases, excitotoxicity, apoptosis
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Effect of carbon dioxide on neurovascular coupling during cortical epileptic activity in rats.
Jindrová, Martina ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Brožíčková, Carole (referee)
Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of CO 2 on neurovascular coupling in response to epileptiform activity after trancallosal electric stimulation in rats. Methods: Adult albino rats (250-350g, n=6) were anaesthetized with isoflurane and epidural silver EEG electrodes were implanted and fixed into the skull over sensorimotor cortices. To measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during epileptic activity a self-made metal holder for Laser Doppler Flowmeter (LDF) probe was fixed to thinned skull with dental acrylic. To measure arterial blood pressure (BP) and arterial blood gasses a plastic catheter was implanted into the common carotid artery. After postsurgical recovery animals were placed in a recording chamber. After 20 minutes of background recording effect of CO 2 on basal BP an rCBF was tested by inflating a mixture of 10%CO 2 , 20%O 2 and 70%N 2 for 30seconds. To assess changes in neurovascular coupling a rat model for myoclonic seizures was used. Biphasic constant current suprathreshold stimulus (8Hz, 15s) was applied under normal or elevated CO 2 atmosphere. Results: Elevated CO2 led to a significant increase of both regional cerebral blood flow and blood pressure. In addition, inhalation of 10%CO2 during electrical stimulation of senzorimotor cortex (8Hz, 15s) caused...
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Angle in the joint and H-reflex
Stiborová, Pavla ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Konopková, Renata (referee)
Title: H-reflex, depending on the position of the joint Aim: The aim of this study is to determine whether the position of the ankle joint influences the parameters of the soleus muscle H-reflex. We are interested in a change of amplitude, latency and threshold of the H-reflex. Method: To measure H-reflex, we have used surface elektromygraphy. We examined two different positions of the foot in probands lying on the bed on their stomach. The first position was with the feet out of bed, around 90 degrees at the ankle joint (rest position). At the second position, the foot moved the bed and was in position in plantar flexion. Stimulation were performed over the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa. The response, we recorded the surface electrode over the soleus muscle. Results: By changing the position of the ankle from rest to plantar flexion there was no statistically significant changes in amplitude, latency or threshold of the H-reflex. In plantar flection, we found a reduction of Hmax/Mmax ratio, which is probably due to reduced excitability alpha motoneurons through reciprocal ihibition from stretched muscle of the leg. Keywords: H-reflex, soleus muscle, joint position, surface EMG
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Evaluation of surgical treatment of hip joint with diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement syndrom.
Zahradník, Petr ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Chládek, Petr (referee)
Title: The evaluation of surgical treatment of the hip in the diagnosis of femor- acetabular impingement syndrome. Objectives: The main objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of the surgery of the hip in diagnosis of femor-acetabular hip impingement. Methods: In our work we have cooperated with 103 patients who have been operated on hip with the diagnosis of femor-acetabular hip impingement (FAI). We used standardized questionnaires of WOMAC and NAHS, which assesses functional self- care, limitations in motion and painfulness. Patients completed questionnaires twice. For the first time before surgery and second time at least one year after the surgery. The specimens of questionnaire are attached in the Annex. Results: We found out that postoperative condition is significantly different from the preoperative state in terms of improved self-care, increased range of motion and reduction of painfulness. Keywords: Femor-acetabular impingement, hip surgery, WOMAC, NAHS
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Effect of background EMG activity on magnitude of evoked response
Trnková, Barbora ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Pánek, David (referee)
Introduction: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of spontaneous electrical activity of a muscle on the degree of evoked response. Analysis of function of plantar flexor muscles and neuromuscular junction during indolent electric stimulation of fibular nerve in the poples may bring new information that might contribute to deepen our knowledge of biomechanical and neurophysiologic nature of changes of shape and latency of evoked reactions in various sorts of strain. The aim of the paper: To evoke H-reflex via electric stimulation of tibial nerve with escalating strain of plantar flexor muscles of the foot in supine position. To process and analyse data by computer. To assess findings of the study. Methods: The dissertation is made out in the form of processing of case data from volunteers, whose muscle electrical activity will be scanned via superficial electrodes attached to the skin above a muscle during indolent electrical stimulation of tibial nerve in the poples. The muscle will be strained using a weight and the muscle response evoked by the stimulation will be scanned using EMG. The measurement will be carried out in various sorts of strain (isometric-isotonic). The data will be further processed and analysed by computer. Results: The results clarify the H-reflex modulation during...
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Method for assesment of the effect of selected anesthetics on H-reflex in laboratory rat.
Komárková, Mariana ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Konopková, Renata (referee)
Title of work: Method for Assesment of the Effect of Selected Anesthetics on H-reflex in Laboratory Rat Objective: To create an applicable method for recording of the H-reflex of freely moveable unanesthetized rats. Methods: Three adult rats were each implanted in the right leg with stimulating electrodes in a flexible cuff on the tibial nerve and a pair of recording electrodes in the triceps surae muscle. After recovering it was evaluated if the electrodes are appropriate for stimulation of peripheral nerve and for recording of ongoing EMG and evoked EMG (H-reflex, M- response). Results: It is possible to use stimulating electrodes in a flexible cuff and a pair of recording electrodes for recording ongoing EMG and evoked EMG (H-reflex, M-response) in freely moveable rats. The experiment did not determine which kind of metal is the most appropriate for conductor for recording high quality EMG. Keywords: H-reflex, Electromyography, Implanted electrodes, Rat, Electrophysiology
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The Role of Furosemide on Intrinsic Optical Signals in Hippocampal slices
Kuta, Igor ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Konopková, Renata (referee)
Title of work: The Role of Furosemide on Intrinsic Optical Signals in hippocampal slices Objective: Learn how furosemide affects the internal optical signals in the rat hippocampus. Method: Measurement of IOS on slices of hippocampus in electro DG. detection IOS changes in the application of furosemide. Results: Internal optical signals are dependent on the activation of tissues and exhibit regional differences in hippocampal different layers. The concentration furosemide increases optical response of a tissue. Conclusion: The physiological processes in the nervous tissue are associated with changes in their optical properties. Furosemide in our work increased intrinsic optical signals. The change was more pronounced in dendritic compared with CA3 pyramidal layer. Keywords: hippocampus, an inner optical signals, furosemide, neuroglia, light transmission Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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