|
|
The detection of factors virulence and resistance genes bacterial pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis
Jandová, Oldřiška ; Melter, Oto (advisor) ; Nyč, Otakar (referee)
Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, which is caused by mutation in CFTR gene (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator). This gene encodes protein with the same name, which is responsible for pathogenesis of CF. Cystic fibrosis is characteristic for frequent infection of respiratory system, which causes, destruction of lung tissue. These infections are characterized by occurrence of typical bacterial pathogenes, for example: S. aureus, P. aeruginosa etc. S. aureus is one of the most typical opportunistic pathogens, which causes serious difficulties in patients with the cystic fibrosis. Strains of S. aureus are characterized by production of multiple virulence factors and resistance to broad spectrum of antibiotics. Besides common mechanisms of resistance there is also possibility of emergence of so called Small Colony Variants in chronically infected patients. These resistant subpopulation is relatively common among S. aureus isolates of patients with CF. The aim of this work was to study isolates from three patients with cystic fibrosis, who are chronically infected by S. aureus. Our goal was to determine changes in the pattern of the antibiotic resistance and occurrence of virulence factors together with description of SCV strains. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
|
The introduction of diagnosis of new bacterial pathogens Inquilinus and Pandoraea isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis and determining their sensitivity to antibiotics
Šulcová, Romana ; Melter, Oto (advisor) ; Nyč, Otakar (referee)
Cystic fibrosis is one of the most common autosomal recessive hereditary disease. Nowadays, people, with this disease, because early diagnosis and treatment of other associated symptoms a better prognosis than a few years ago. CF is a disease that is subject to mutation of the CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) on the seventh chromosome. Defect in the CFTR protein leads to failure of resorption and secretion of electrolytes chloride channel and thereby creating viscous mucus in the lungs, which is the main cause of chronic bacterial infections of the lower airways. Among the most common pathogens causing severe respiratory infections in CF patients include: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia complex. In patients with CF is now showing in the airways of new bacterial species whose biological properties are not yet known and their role in the etiopathogenesis of the disease and epidemiology are not exactly known. In these days their detection is used by specific amplification methods, or sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Emerging pathogens such as the genus Pandoraea and Inguilinus that belong non-fermenting Gram-negative groups in the rods, and therefore are often exchange for other bacterial species that are phenotypically similar to them. In the...
|
|
|
Resistance to antimicrobial therapy of Helicobacter pylori strains
Moravcová, Monika ; Keil, Radan (advisor) ; Nyč, Otakar (referee)
Helicobacter pylori (hereinafter referred to as H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacteria which colonises the human stomach mucosa. Its role in the aethiopathogenesis of chronic gastritis, ulcer disorders of the gastroduodenum and MALT-lymphoma has been clearly demonstrated, and in connection with the occurrence of stomach cancer it has been indicated by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a class I carcinogen. H. pylori infection can be detected from samples of stomach mucosa taken in an endoscopic examination (rapid urease test, microscopic examination, culture), or the non-invasive method can be used (13 C-Urea Breath Test or H. Pylori stool antigen test - HpSA). Effective therapy of H. pylori infection resides in the administration of a combination of antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor. In recent years the resistance of bacterial strains to used antibiotics has been increasing on a worldwide scale, and we can also observe this trend in the case of H. pylori. If the level of resistance exceeds 20 % for clarithromycin and 40 % for metronidazole, these antibiotics are not recommended for the treatment of an infection caused by this bacteria. In a group of 61 patients at the Department of Internal Medicine at the University Hospital Motol who had undergone an endoscopic examination of the...
|
|
| |
|
|
Clostridium difficile - Importance and current options of laboratory diagnostics
Partlová, Simona ; Nyč, Otakar (advisor) ; Bártová, Markyta (referee)
This thesis mainly describes the question of Clostridium difficile diagnostic service. The first part briefly describes the characteristic of this bacterium. Further, the paper outlines common properties of the bacterium, the causes and manifestations of the diseases that it implicates and current opportunities of the laboratory service. The practical part of bachelors work deals with examination of toxin detection C.difficile in stool specimens, which was in case of positive result completed by cultivation. The cultivation and following Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) is not routine task carried out in every clinical laboratory. PCR ribotyping is relatively new method that is provided rarely on the present. Generally, 195 patients have been tested in laboratory of Department of Medical Microbiology in Motol for Clostridium difficile toxin inherency in stool. Overall 30 samples have been tested as positive. The positive samples have been cultivated on special soil just for Clostridium difficile to acquire a clean culture. After that, the metronidazole susceptibility has been obtained from these gained isolates. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
|
Comparing amplification and non-amplification methods of HPV detection in clinical samples
Jarolímková, Pavlína ; Nyč, Otakar (advisor) ; Dražďáková, Marcela (referee)
Cervical carcinoma is the second most frequent malignancy in women world wide. Infection of human papillomaviruses has been recognized as an etiological factor. HPV infection is transmitted sexually. Nowadays, it is considered as the most frequent sexually transmitted infection. The objective of this bachelor work and one of the objectives of grant IGA MZ NC 5959 was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the polymerase chain reaction method and the nonamplification method hc2 for detection of HPV DNA in cervical specimens of woman with suspicious cytologic findings. Many commercially available detection kits are based on the PCR method, which is very sensitive. Nowadays, the most commercially utilized kit in the routine laboratories in the Czech Republic is hc2 HPV is frequently being used for detection of HPV infection in routine virology laboratories. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
|
Laboratory options in diagnostics of bacterial meningitis
Fárová, Marcela ; Nyč, Otakar (advisor) ; Hobstová, Jiřina (referee)
The mutual companson of the methods used for the diagnostics of bacterial meningitides was the aim of this work. The bacterial meningitis is a very serious disease and its laboratory diagnostics should include such a spectrum of the examinations, which guarantees the highest posibility of discovering the pathogens. The efficiency of latex agglutination, classic bacterial cultivation and peR of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae was compared. The peR enables the direct prove of DNA for the pathogens mentioned above. The results confirmed the contribution of peR that is rapid, specific and sensitive. It was proved in 5 cases, where the peR was positive, while the other tests were false negative. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
| |
|
|
Nosocomial infections, their significance, the most frequent agents, possibilities of prevention
Klemensová, Vilma ; Nyč, Otakar (advisor) ; Bártová, Markéta (referee)
Bachelor's work summarises the importance and prevention ofnosocomial infections (NN) and is focused on MRSA. In theoretical part analyssed modes of transmission ofNN, single causative agents ofNN together with their portals of entry. MRSA as important nosocomial pathogen constitutes a risk factor of severe infections for hospitalised patients. Its lab dignostics contains combination of various methods to achieve the maximal (highest) fidelity of detection and fo llowing efficient therapy and prevention of farther spred. ln the experimental part are presented resultes of observation of MRSA cases in 2006, what are favourable while being compared with previos years. lt hase been indicated that uncompromising itnterdisciplinar cooperation is the condi tion of efficient approaches preventing farther spread of MRSA in large hospital facility. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
| |
guest ::
