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Nutrition and Other Characteristics of Infants
NOVOTNÁ, Radka
The main goal of this bachelor thesis was a processing of research based on interesting literary and electronic sources which primarily deal with children's nutrition. Closely related topics include, for instance, disease rates or vaccination of children. Another aim of this thesis was to collect data through questionnaires followed by their comparison. This bachelor thesis consists of two parts - theoretical and empirical. The first part presents information acquired and processed from domestic and foreign literature. This thesis concerns the importance of breastfeeding, supplementary feeding or non-dairy formula feeding. It also focuses on the types of breast milk or breastfeeding with its positive and negative effects on an infant. In addition to the beforementioned topics, this thesis gives a detailed description of mandatory and most common optional vaccines, including a brief mention of disease rates of children. The empirical part of the thesis focuses on the evaluation of data collected by the questionnaire method. The beforehand formulated questionnaire is part of a larger project linked to the works of the following students: Markéta Mužíková, Tereza Šafránková and Kateřina Součková. The questionnaire for legal representatives of children was composed in an online form. Respondents' parents filled in the data predominantly from the Health and Vaccination Cards. Data from 110 respondents have been collected in total. Fifty-six respondents were girls and fifty-five boys. Afterwards, our selected data were compared with the CAV 2001 Nationwide Anthropological Survey. In the vaccination category, it was found that each individual had received all the mandatory vaccines given by law. Prevenar 13, among the non-mandatory vaccines, was the most frequently used vaccine in 39 cases out of 110 respondents. In the category of childhood morbidity rate, the following childhood diseases were examined - catarrh of the upper respiratory, allergy, eczema and acute otitis media. It was found that most of the non-breastfed children of our cohort were overall less ill than the breastfed children. This result is consistent with the research of the student Tereza Šafránková but is not in accordance with some professional publications, for example (Muntau, 2014) or (Nevoral et al., 2013). In the last part of the research, which concerned the body measurements of children up to one year of age, the results show that non-breastfed individuals are more likely to exceed breastfed children in average development. The basic body measurements of children from birth to 1 year were compared with the results of the CAV 2001 Nationwide Anthropological Survey (CAV, 2001). Statistically significant values were found for body weight of breastfed one-year-old boys (p=0.000), body length of six-month-old (p= 0.007) and one-year-old breastfed boys (p=0.001), chest girth at birth for girls (p= 0.001) and boys (p= 0.004), head girth at birth (p= 0.000) and at six months for breastfed boys (p= 0.003), and BMI at birth for non-breastfed girls (p= 0.002).
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Seniors awareness about vaccination against pneumokok infections in Pelhřimov region
NOVOTNÁ, Radka
This diploma thesis deals with the seniors' awareness about vaccinations against pneumococcal infections. The aim of the thesis was to map out the seniors' awareness about vaccination against pneumococcal infections. The research was made by means of qualitative method and following questions were chosen: 1. What is the level of seniors' awareness about vaccination against pneumococcal infections? 2. How do the practitioners participate on the seniors' awareness about vaccination against pneumococcal virus? 3. How big is the interest of seniors about vaccination against pneumococcal infections? 4. What is the influence of media on the seniors' awareness about vaccination against pneumococcal virus? The data gathering took place by means of the semi-structured interview technique. The interviews were recorded on a dictaphone, then rewritten, coded and categorised. The research set consisted of 15 respondents aged 65-83 who lived in the Pelhřimov region. The respondents were chosen by means of plain purposeful selection. From the results of the research emerged, that the awareness of respondents about vaccination against pneumococcal infections is low. The respondents knew neither the name of the vaccine nor which diseases are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The practitioners didn't provide the respondents with needed information about vaccination against pneumococcus. The respondents didn't show much interest for the vaccination against pneumococcal virus, because they didn't have enough valid information. Media didn't record almost any effect on the process of vaccination against pneumococcal diseases, because the seniors didn't take the information as suggestive and didn't give them much attention. According to these facts, it would be appropriate to raise the awareness of seniors about vaccination against pneumococcal viruses. The practitioners should inform the seniors more, primarily about the possibilities of vaccination, and give them enough needed information about pneumococcal diseases. So that even I could contribute to raise the awareness of the respondents, I created an informational flyer, which is also a part of the attachments of this diploma thesis.
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Development of the tax burden on individual tax payers of personal income tax
NOVOTNÁ, Radka
This master thesis deals personal income tax, its developments in the year 2007-2017. The thesis follows the development of personal income tax on change of tax burden of model taxpayers in the monitored period. To achieve the main goal of this thesis, the basic concepts of tax theory, the structure of personal income tax and its legislation´s adjustment are mentioned in the theoretical part. And also the possibilities of assessing the individual tax burden of this tax. In the practical part the model income of employee and self-employed, are adjusted to the tax base, including the calculation of the tax from this basis. In addition, the thesis examines the burden of taxpayers through and effective tax rate and methods of measurement progressivity by using the rate of tax progressivity. The conclusion summarizes the results and reasons for differences in the tax burden of employee and self-employed persons in the monitored period 2007-2017. It also evaluates the results of tax progressive analysis in 2007,2012 and 2017.
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Issues connected with nutrition of elderly.
NOVOTNÁ, Radka
This thesis addresses the issue of nutrition of the elderly. The aim of the thesis was to explore the differences in the diets of seniors living in households and those living in retirement homes. The thesis consists of a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is divided into several chapters. In the first part terms related to the issue of aging and assessment of the demographic situation of the Czech Republic are explained. The second part focuses on the signs of aging, specifically on the physiological, psychological and social changes. Furthermore, it takes a look at energy needs in old age, types of nutrients and consequences in case of insufficient or excess amounts of nutrients. The following chapter deals with fluid intake, which is an equally important part of the diet and is often overlooked, when respecting the rules of fluid intake is of great importance to the health of each of us. The theoretical part also mentions factors that affect seniors eating habits, nutrition recommendations, the effects of bad eating, which include malnutrition, obesity, sarcopenia and osteoporosis. The last chapter focuses on retirement homes. For the practical part of the thesis a qualitative research method was chosen. The following research questions were posed: 1. What are the differences in regularity of meals of seniors living at home and in retirement homes? 2. What is the consumption of fruits and vegetables among seniors living in households and retirement homes? 3. What is the consumption of foods rich in animal fats of seniors living in households and in retirement homes? 4. What are the differences in fluid intake of seniors living in households and retirement homes? Data collection was achieved through semi - structured interviews, which were attended by seniors from the household environment and those from retirement homes. The research group consisted of 16 respondents aged 65 - 92 years. Half of the respondents live in a household and a half in a retirement home. Respondents were selected on the basis of plain (intentional) purposeful selection. The research was conducted in the Pelhřimov district. A total of 16 interviews took place.The research shows that seniors living in retirement homes have a more regular eating routine than seniors living in households. In the majority of responses they indicated that they eat 5 times a day. Also, the time intervals between meals are more regular in retirement homes. Furthermore, the interviews showed that seniors from households are more likely to consume fruit than elderly people in retirement homes, while seniors from retirement homes eat more vegetables. The results also showed that consumption of foods rich in animal fats does not differ significantly in the two groups. Both groups of respondents prefer animal fats to vegetable fats. Seniors from retirement homes tend to eat meat, while seniors in households consume more smoked meats. The research showed that the elderly living in retirement homes have a more regular fluid intake than seniors at home. Fluid intake of the elderly in nursing homes is more evenly spread throughout the day, and the total volume of fluid consumption reaches the recommended daily intake. But that is not the case of half the respondents living in households who stated that the total intake of fluids is less than 1.5 litres per day. In the discussion my findings are compared with the results and opinions of other authors who have dealt with the same issue. Then follows the conclusion of the work, which summarizes the results of my research. These results were provided to the retirement homes, which participated in the research. An informative leaflet, which is part of this thesis, was also produced and should raise awareness of seniors in the area of nutrition.
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Evolution of the Tax Burden on Individual Income by Personal Income Tax
NOVOTNÁ, Radka
This bachelor thesis investigates the personal income tax. The thesis follows evolution of the tax burden on a taxpayer of this tax during the period between 2010 and 2015. The basic concepts of tax theory are mentioned in the theoretical part of the thesis. The work deals with the structure and the legislative adjustment of personal income tax and the statutory social security and health insurance contribution, which have a character of tax. The thesis adjusts various model incomes of employee and self-employed to the tax base, including the calculation of the tax base, in the practical part. The work examines the burden of taxpayers by personal income tax and also by this tax and the statutory social security and health insurance contribution together. The thesis also demonstrates the impact of the individual taxation changes on taxpayers and on their tax obligations. The results of the differences between the tax obligations of employee and self-employed during the period between 2010 and 2015 are summarized in the conclusion.
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Administration of the City of Pisek in the second half of the 19th century
NOVOTNÁ, Radka
Subject of this bachelor thesis is a creation and a development of autonomy in royal town Písek. In the first chapter royal town Písek is introduced in the second half of the 19th century, therefore in the period, that this thesis is focused. The second chapter describes a acrosstheboard development of autonomy in our area together with definition its field of action. The following and the most comprehensive chapter comprises a fundamental part of the thesis introduction sources, that are necessary for this thesis. Further there are described all carried elections to the communal board in a given period of the time, after follows an analysis of conscription from meeting of the communal board together with several examples.
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The pedagogical thinking of Jan Valerián Jirsík in the years 1826-1843
NOVOTNÁ, Radka
The diploma thesis deals with pedagogical thinking of Jan Valerián Jirsík in the years 1826-1843. The aim of this work is an introduction of Jan Valerián Jirsík´s opinions and ideas which are contained in his literary works. These opinions and ideas are classified to the context of thinking in Jirsík´s time. The work first describes time which Jirsík lived in, what spiritual environmental was around him and how education looked in the Habsburg monarchy. Then the examples of Jirsík´s pedagogical opinions are listed and commented, the examples were chosen from "Škola nedělní" book and "Časopis pro katolické duchovenstvo" magazine.
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The Assessment in Citizenship Education in the Second Stage of Basic Education
NOVOTNÁ, Radka
Evaluation of the civic education is by itself very specific and there are a lot of schools, teachers and students that reflect on the most effective way how to evaluate the civic education. The aim of my thesis is to focus on the evaluation forms that are most acceptable for the students, teachers and parents and that can provide as much information as possible. In the theoretical part will be in general described the evaluation, its functions and forms which are applied at the second level of elementary school. The main focus will be put on the forms of evaluation, mainly on the classification and verbal assessment. There will be discussed the advantages and on the contrary the disadvantages of using these forms of evaluation as well as how they can affect the student and motivate him for his further education. The practical part of my thesis will be devoted to a questionnaire survey at the second level of elementary school. In this research I will focus on students, parents and teachers with the intention to find out what forms of evaluation do they prefer and whether the evaluation can really affect student?s motivation to learn.
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Teaching foreign languages with the use Drama
NOVOTNÁ, Radka
The main topic of this bachelor thesis is teaching foreign languages with the using of drama education and this elemets. The first two chapters characterize foreign languages and drama education. Important part is summary of methods and objectives of foreign languages teaching. In the third part of this bachelor thesis is described the integration od subjects and there are specific examples of how to use drama in foreign language teaching. I had the opportunity to see concrete lessons at primary school Marjánka and at various schools in Norway where the dramatic elements were used.
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