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Microplastics in Drinking Water
Čermáková, Lenka ; Novotná, Kateřina ; Peer, Petra ; Janda, V. ; Pivokonský, Martin
The research was focused on microplastics occurring in water sources and in drinking water. Recently, the topic of microplastics in water is very up to date. However, most of the studies are focused on quantification of microplastics in sea water, sediments or surface waters, which are not a source of raw water for drinking water treatment, and at the same time the most of studies deal with the analysis of particles in the size range of 0.3 - 5 mm. The subject of the present study was to quantify microplastics from 0.2 μm in raw and treated water from three unnamed water treatment plants in the Czech Republic and to determine their size distribution, shape and material composition. It has been found that the number of microplastics ranged from 1414-7006 L-1 particles in raw water and 305-921 L-1 particles in treated water. Microplastics smaller than 10 μm were the most plentiful in both raw and treated water samples. Fragments clearly prevailed at two of the water treatment plants and fibres together with fragments predominated at one case.
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Synthesis of prodrugs of glutamine antimetabolite 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine
Novotná, Kateřina ; Majer, Pavel (advisor) ; Machara, Aleš (referee)
The 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) is a glutamine antimetabolite, which has shown promissing antitumor activity in preclinical and several clinical studies. However, its high toxicity leading to gastrointestinal side effects prevented its further development. The aim of this Bachelor thesis was to prepare DON prodrugs with similar anticancer activity but less side effects. Biochemical and biological tests of synthesized prodrugs were performed at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore (USA). Key words: 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), prodrugs, antimetabolite, ProTide
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Influence of preoxidation by potassium permanganate on coagulation of nonproteinaceous compounds produced by alga Chlorella vulgaris
Přech, Jiří ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Novotná, Kateřina (referee)
6 Abstract: The presence of phytoplankton and its products (AOM) in source water is a current challenge in water treatment processes. The production of AOM increases with anthropogenic eutrophication of ecosystems. AOM impair the water treatment processes and may form harmful disinfection by-products. The traditional water treatment process is a coagulation, which is very efficient in removing phytoplankton cells, but this is not the case when removing some kinds of AOM. Especially its nonproteinaceous fraction with low molecular weight, which can represent majority of total organic carbon, is removed with very low efficiency. The removal of AOM by coagulation can be enhanced by preoxidation. This thesis examines the influence of preoxidation by potassium permanganate of nonproteinaceous fraction of COM of algae Chlorella vulgaris on its coagulation by aluminium sulphate and polyaluminiumchloride. To compare, solutions with nonproteinaceous COM were coagulated with and without preoxidation by five different doses of permanganate (0,025; 0,05; 0,1; 0,15 a 0,2 mg KMnO4 mg-1 DOC). The doses of permanganate and time need for oxidation (30 minutes) were determined by decreased DOC and permanganate during preoxidation experiments. The maximal DOC removals achieved both with and without preoxidation were 17 %...
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Cooperating defendant
Novotná, Kateřina ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
The aim of the thesis is an analysis of the topical legal form of the cooperating defendant. It is divided into 5 chapters. In the first chapter there are given concepts of the crown witness and the cooperating defendant, added deliberation of de lege ferenda. In the second chapter the author gives particular principles of the prosecution and describes in what way the institution of the cooperating defendant influences them. The third chapter is devoted to the organized crime and the legal means which are applied to its prosecution. In the fourth chapter the modification of the institution of the cooperating defendant is decribed in detail. In this chapter the author points out the importance of the confession of the status of the cooperating defendant , the motivation, the verbal testimony, the protection of the cooperating defendant. Further the author takes a possible application of the institution of the hidden witness for cooperating defendant into consideration. In the last chapter the author gives cases, where an aplication of the institute of cooperating defendant is used. In the case studies the author especially aims at the testimony of cooperating defendent. The admission of the status of the cooperating defendant and what kind of punishment was given to the cooperating defendant in...
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Corrective Feedback in ESL Writing
Novotná, Kateřina ; Starý, Karel (advisor) ; Urbánek, Petr (referee) ; Chalupský, Petr (referee)
The dissertation thesis is focused on feedback on writing in English lessons, and describes its character and pupil's perception of its comprehensibility. The theoretical part defines feedback as a tool of pedagogical communication, which informs the pupil about the possibilities of improvement and progress and thus shapes pupil's development within the learning process as well as pupil's personality development. The topic of feedback is presented in the context of school assessment and teaching of writing, the issue of error is mentioned as the basis for corrective feedback and an incentive for learning. Also, writing and the specifics of its assessment are discussed. The empirical part, using the qualitative design of the multi-case study, builds on the data obtained by the interviews and the content analysis of the documents. The four case studies of teachers and their pupils illustrate how teachers and pupils perceive (corrective) feedback as a tool of pedagogical communication providing information on the possibilities of improvement and progress. The feedback on writing takes the form of grading (analytical rubrics), corrective feedback in the form of marking mistakes and problematic places in the work, written comments and oral comments when teachers hand the papers over. Pupils see feedback...
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Impact of working with the map on mental map of pupils
Kolesárová, Veronika ; Novotná, Kateřina (advisor) ; Lysák, Jakub (referee)
Impact of working with the map on mental map of pupils Abstract The aim of this thesis is to find out whether the way of working with the map affects the form of the mental map of pupils. The adjoining aim of this study is to find out how the selected factors affect their quality. Among these factors there is included the place of residence, gender, the popularity of geography and a mark of this subjekt, and also general geographic map. The theoretical part defines key concepts such as perception, mental maps, cartographic methods of visualizations and that accompany all this work. Furthermore the thesis contains its own research where is define the methodology of data collection and the metodology of evaluation of this data. Subsequently, the mental maps of pupils are evaluated. During the evaluation, the emphasis is placed on the content of the mental maps and for the frequency of the drawn elements on pupil's mental maps. An important finding of this research is that the image of mental map of the pupils is influenced by the way of working with the map and that pupils interpret more elements only by reading the map, rather then by working with questions. Similarly, the character of the submitted map of the Czech Republic has the impact on the pupil's mental map. On the contrary, their mental maps do not...
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The Role of Teaching Practice in Development of Student of the Teachers Training for Primary School
Novotná, Kateřina ; Mazáčová, Nataša (advisor) ; Tomková, Anna (referee)
The diploma thesis named Pedagogical practices and their tasks for primary school teachers' development deals with the topic of the pedagogical practices at colleges and universities. The thesis finds out the extent of students' being ready for carrying the practice out. The following task of the thesis is to describe what the students and beginner teachers think about the practice. The theoretical part is aimed at the pedagogical practice process and its connection with the primary teachers' education. Important part of the thesis is to compare the time extent of the practice at different colleges and universities. The practical part works with the qualitative research. The used methods for this part are questionnaire and interview. The pedagogical faculty students describe their experience with the pedagogical practices. The beginner teachers evaluate the level of the practices. KEYWORDS Pedagogical practice, primary school student, primary school, faculty school, faculty teacher, collage/university teacher, beginner teacher
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Coagulation of different kinds of algal organic matter
Novotná, Kateřina ; Načeradská, Jana ; Barešová, Magdalena ; Janda, V. ; Pivokonský, Martin
This study focused on coagulation of different algal organic matter (AOM) fractions, especially on its non-proteinaceous fraction. It was derived from cellular organic matter of Chlorella vulgaris, a freshwater algae. Two different Al-based coagulants were employed, i.e. alum and pre-hydrolyzed polyaluminim chloride (PACl). The highest coagulation efficiency was obtained at pH around neutral (pH 7.1-7.5 for alum and pH 7.6-8.0 for PACl) at relatively high dosages of coagulant (8 and 10 mg·L-1 as Al for alum and PACl, resp.). However, the maximum removal reached under the optimized conditions was only approximately 20%. The coagulation behaviour and efficiency of non-proteinaceous matter greatly differ from AOM peptide-proteins, which is discussed in the study.
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Water for Life – Strategy AV 21
Pivokonský, Martin ; Čermáková, Lenka ; Novotná, Kateřina ; Pivokonská, Lenka
Theme of Water for Life was newly added to the research program Natural Hazards of Strategy AV 21 in 2018 thanks to the Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Science. It focuses on comprehensive and systematic research and cooperation between experts and stakeholders in the field of water resource protection, water supply and water quality. Important part of the project is communication with the public. The Drinking Water Conference in Tábor is the largest and the most important conference on drinking water in the Czech Republic. Experts, technologists and water managers are meeting every two years and discussing new knowledge and issues related to the water treatment.
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