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Oxalates in rocks and plants
Novotná, Julie ; Jehlička, Jan (advisor) ; Hruška, Jakub (referee)
SUMMARY: The presence of oxalates is widespread not only as kidney stones, but in whole nature. It is well known that oxalates are products of some plants, fungi and lichens. The accumulates of calcium oxalates are increased in: sorrel, rhubarb, spinach, soya, dieffenbachia, etc. Oxalates serve many important functions in plants such as calcium regulation, protection from herbivory and metal detoxification. Aluminum detoxification is ability of plants, which is critical factor for crop production. Breeding of commercially viable low oxalate cultivars or genetic manipulation with crops should deal to enhance of nutritional quality and enhance of agricultural production too. The presentation of oxalates in rocks is well representing by calcium oxalate minerals, whewellite and weddellite. Minerals occur in sediments into precipitated forms within concretions and hydrothermal veins or dispersed form into modern sediments, e.g. peats. Oxalates are biologic products, therefore they can indicate biological activities, so oxalates should be sought for researching on cosmic objects. The observation of oxalates on Earth and interpretation of the Raman spectra is necessary in these types of study.
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Raman spectrometry of carotenoids of selected microorganisms
Novotná, Julie ; Jehlička, Jan (advisor) ; Machovič, Vladimír (referee)
In this thesis Raman spectroscopy is evaluated as a tool of identification and discrimination of carotenoids from microbial biomass. Microorganisms, halophilic or nonhalophilic, belong to Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta and to others. Biomass was cultiveted under laboratory conditions and yielded varied colours. Raman spectra were recorded succesfully from lyophilized biomass by excitation wavelenth 514.5 nm (dispersive Raman microspectrometr) and 1064 nm (FT Raman spectrometer). Results were compared with Raman spectroscopic data from pigment extracts. Spectra of carotenoids are characterized by the main Raman bands υ1, υ2 a υ3 due to C=C stretching, C-C stretching and C-CH3 deformation. HPLC/UV-VIS allows effective pigment separation from extracts and detection of separated pigments by UV-VIS analyzator. Assessment of Raman analysis and its potential to detect microbial carotenoids are discused. Sarcinaxantin is an unusual carotenoid identified together with more common β - carotene. Raman spectroscopic results obtained on carotenoids recorded from colonies which accumulated more than one carotenoid need to be interpreted carefully. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Raman spectrometry of carotenoids of selected microorganisms
Novotná, Julie ; Jehlička, Jan (advisor) ; Machovič, Vladimír (referee)
In this thesis Raman spectroscopy is evaluated as a tool of identification and discrimination of carotenoids from microbial biomass. Microorganisms, halophilic or nonhalophilic, belong to Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta and to others. Biomass was cultiveted under laboratory conditions and yielded varied colours. Raman spectra were recorded succesfully from lyophilized biomass by excitation wavelenth 514.5 nm (dispersive Raman microspectrometr) and 1064 nm (FT Raman spectrometer). Results were compared with Raman spectroscopic data from pigment extracts. Spectra of carotenoids are characterized by the main Raman bands υ1, υ2 a υ3 due to C=C stretching, C-C stretching and C-CH3 deformation. HPLC/UV-VIS allows effective pigment separation from extracts and detection of separated pigments by UV-VIS analyzator. Assessment of Raman analysis and its potential to detect microbial carotenoids are discused. Sarcinaxantin is an unusual carotenoid identified together with more common β - carotene. Raman spectroscopic results obtained on carotenoids recorded from colonies which accumulated more than one carotenoid need to be interpreted carefully. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Oxalates in rocks and plants
Novotná, Julie ; Hruška, Jakub (referee) ; Jehlička, Jan (advisor)
SUMMARY: The presence of oxalates is widespread not only as kidney stones, but in whole nature. It is well known that oxalates are products of some plants, fungi and lichens. The accumulates of calcium oxalates are increased in: sorrel, rhubarb, spinach, soya, dieffenbachia, etc. Oxalates serve many important functions in plants such as calcium regulation, protection from herbivory and metal detoxification. Aluminum detoxification is ability of plants, which is critical factor for crop production. Breeding of commercially viable low oxalate cultivars or genetic manipulation with crops should deal to enhance of nutritional quality and enhance of agricultural production too. The presentation of oxalates in rocks is well representing by calcium oxalate minerals, whewellite and weddellite. Minerals occur in sediments into precipitated forms within concretions and hydrothermal veins or dispersed form into modern sediments, e.g. peats. Oxalates are biologic products, therefore they can indicate biological activities, so oxalates should be sought for researching on cosmic objects. The observation of oxalates on Earth and interpretation of the Raman spectra is necessary in these types of study.
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