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Financial literacy of pupils and teachers of primary school
Novotný, Ondřej ; Jančařík, Antonín (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
The presented diploma thesis is focused on financial literacy at basic school, with the focus on the integration of financial skills into the education on the secondary school. The main aim of the thesis is to compare several selected methods for education of financial literacy at basic school with the intention to select a optimal way for developing the financial literacy of students and solutions of their various economical situations, problems and decisions that expect them in their future life. The theoretical part contains introduction into the topic, introductory theoretical basis, basic definitions of important terms and a description of the educational system. Reasons for introduction of financial literacy education into basic education system are explained. Further, the strategic documents influencing the education of financial literacy at basic school, which are the base for creation of frame school programs for the education of financial literacy, are introduced. The situation is described in more detail and it is explained, how it is possible to introduce the financial literacy education in the school education programs in agreement with the frame education programs. In the end of the theoretical part, the selected methods for evaluation of the financial literacy education at the basic...
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Teaching algebraic expressions using algebra tiles
Kuchaříková, Gabriela ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
The primary goal of this thesis is to prepare and carry out an education programme on algebraic expressions with variables for eight grade primary school students. This is so they can understand the basic principles of operations with simple algebraic expressions. The secondary goal was to determine whether this education method can also be applied in an online environment, which became a necessity during the Covid-19 pandemic. The theoretical chapter of the thesis covers the introduction of the symbolic language of algebra and the ways of understanding a letter (variable). It contains the definition of basic algebraic terminology in a primary school environment as well as an analysis of select textbooks. Additionally, student work levels with algebraic expressions and a categorization of students' mistakes in operations are used as supplementary grounds for the experimental chapter of the thesis. Finally, the two types of algebra tiles are presented. The experimental chapter of the thesis is aimed at the propaedeutics of algebra tiles via operations with integers, at teaching variable expressions using algebra tiles and at expanding the method of teaching expressions in primary school (Vieta's formulas, completing the square). This chapter's sections cover the respective expression operations and...
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Use of sport contexts in statistical problems for upper secondary schools
Koštejnová, Kateřina ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Jančařík, Antonín (referee)
This thesis explores the use of sports-related themes in secondary school level sta- tistical problems and exercises. It summarizes basic statistical terminology appropriate for various education levels. The core then consists of a set of original statistical sports- themed problems and their solutions. These problems are split into three chapters based on the theoretical foundation they require. The first chapter deals with location parame- ters as well as reading from graphs and their construction, and it utilizes tables in the problems' formulation. The next chapter then focuses on the properties of dispersion, and the last one introduces correlation. The problems presented in the first chapter make use of football themes, the ones from the second chapter are ice-hockey based, and lastly, the problems from the third chapter mix themes from various sports. Each presented exercise is preceded with a list of definition necessary for finding the solution. The thesis also includes questions, whose solutions require university level Mathematics. These are augmented with the necessary theoretical foundation as well but it assumes knowledge of integral calculus. This problem collection may be used by secondary school Mathematics educators. The last section demonstrates use of statistics, particularly hypothesis...
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Solving of problems dealing with volume and surface in the three-dimensional space by 15-16-year old pupils (9th grade)
Dlouhá, Michaela ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Vondrová, Naďa (referee)
The topic of my diploma thesis is the solution to exercises of volume and surface of 3D solids. The aim of the thesis is to make own didactic test and to analyse the methods of solution to math exercises in the 9th grade students of ZŠ Amálská. Also to compare the results of the tests in math and science orientated class to "normal1 " class and to find out the success rate of solutions in both classes. I focused only on pyramid and cone, because they are part of curriculum in 9th grade of basic schools after students are admitted to high schools, and after examination of educational programme of chosen school I realised that both classes had the same outputs of given schoolwork. I divided my thesis into two parts - theoretical and practical part. Theoretical part contains five chapters. In the first chapter I focus on didactic tests and their making. In the next chapter I deal with evaluation in general and school evaluation. In the third part there is the term of word exercise defined. In the fourth chapter there are solutions to the word exercises. And in the last chapter I define the term geometrical solid. In the practical part there are the aims and methods of survey, characteristic of research sample, making of didactic test, content of didactic test and analysis of students' solutions...
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Indirect Proportion - Pupils' Strategies, Textbook Analysis and Teachers' Didactic Practices
Reichmann, David ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
1 Abstract The goal of the diploma thesis was to identify and describe didactic practices of selected experienced mathematics teachers, used in the teaching of indirect proportion, to make an analysis of the most used textbooks from the point of view of teaching indirect proportion, to select suitable problems which diagnose pupils' knowledge of indirect proportion and to identify pupils' strategies and their mistakes in solving them. Indirect proportion is first described from the point of view of curricular documents and of Czech pupils' results in this area in both national and international surveys. The pupil's knowledge gaining process is characterised from the point of view of didactic constructivism. Next, ways and conceptions of teaching indirect proportion as provided by selected primary textbooks are given. The content analysis of textbooks was made and compared to results of similar studies. Next, the thesis deals with some results of international research on proportional thinking and solving strategies for problems on proportion which are then used as a starting point of my own research on pupils' strategies for problems on indirect proportion. The next part of research consists of semi-structured interviews with experienced teachers, observations of their lessons and analysis of their pupils'...
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Solving strategies of word problems in their historical development
Hejdrychová, Kateřina ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Jančařík, Antonín (referee)
Title: Solving strategies of word problems in their historical development Abstract This thesis deals with word problems which can be solved by using linear equations. Its aim is to create a collection of current and historical problems selected from different periods of the history of mathematics. In the first part, the level of emphasis put on the use of word problems in the teaching of mathematics by the Framework Education Programme is shown.The contribution of word problems to developing mathematical and financial literacy is also highlighted The second part deals with the history of mathematics focusing on the domains of equations and word problems, both from a worldwide and Czech perspective. The third part is a collection of type problems. The problems are grouped according to context in the way it is usually done in Czech educational materials for primary and secondary schools: problems dealing with the division of a whole into unequal parts, problems dealing with movement, problems dealing with joint work and problems dealing with mixtures. The collection contains three types of problems. Current problems are adopted from contemporary textbooks and collections of problems for schools. Historical problems are taken from historically significant resources from different countries. Outdated problems...
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Inquiry based mathematics education: case of fractions
Podhajská, Kristýna ; Tichá, Marie (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
The theoretical part deals with approaches to teaching, especially constructivistic, instructivistic and transmissive approach. The goal of this part is to compare the approaches and evaluate them considering the permanency of knowledge and active engagement of students. Simultaneously it aims at evaluating the approaches from the point of their of the mechanical knowledge. The charter dealing with inquiry based mathematics education is focused on teaching related to constructivistic approach. The next chapter describes tool called concept cartoons, which can be used as a mean to research. The theoretical part is focused on the topic of fraction, especially fraction interpretation and models and fraction representation. The second part of the thesis describes a survey realized at basic school. I narrowed the problem to fraction interpretation and representation according to survey of student's work. The next part of research is based on this analysis. Trying to accomplish the aims and find the answers to questions of the survey I chose strategy inspired by action research, because the main goal of the research was to improve and enhance my teaching knowledge and skills. The survey was processed qualitatively. The making of the thesis helped me make it clear, why the topic of fractions is so...
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Parameter estimation of random variables distribution
Šimková, Barbora ; Mošna, František (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
of the bachelor's thesis Title: Parameter estimation of random variables distribution Author: Bc. Barbora Šimková Department: Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Education Supervisor: RNDr. František Mošna, Dr. Abstract: The subject of this thesis is to compare basic methods by which it is possible to calculate point estimates of discrete and continuous probability distributions. The work deals with the analysis of the two methods - the method of moments and maximum like- lihood method. These methods are used for point estimates of probability distributions parameters. The method of moments studies the comparison between the theoretical and sample moments of a random variable. The method of maximum likelihood is another alternative for the calculation of point estimates, which uses the classical ap- proach of finding the maximum of a function, using the properties of random selection. These methods of calculation are based on statistical methods and could be useful for extending the basic course on probability and statistics at Charles University's Fac- ulty of Education. The work is an overview of the estimated parameters of the basic distribution and compares the quality of two basic methods for their estimation. Keywords: parameter estimation, distribution of random variables, maximum...
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