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The influence of electoral systems on party systems. Comparison of Polish, Slovak, German and Austrian Case.
Nemeth, Marek ; Novák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Lebeda, Tomáš (referee)
The author is interested in electoral and political system in Poland, Slovakia, Germany and Austria. At the beginning he rises two basic questions which he would like to answer - Which electoral method is similar to contemporary electoral systems in chosen countries in a result? And how would be changed political-party- system, i f there were another electoral methods? In the General the author offers a detailed look at the analysis of the types of electoral systems, franchise and party systems. This General part is assumption for the Special part which is focused on an research. In the fourth Chapter the author describes electoral systems in Poland, Slovakia, Germany and Austria and in the fifth Chapter he describes party system in those chosen countries. The own research starts in the sixth chapter. The author analyses the results of the last election in Poland (2005), Slovakia (2006), Germany (2005) and Austria (2006) by index of deformation, index Loosemore - Hanby, and index of aggregation. In the next Chapters author analyses parliamentary electoral results in four countries, then he follows new electoral methods (D'Hondt, Imperiáli, Saint Laguě, Hare, Hagenbach-Bischoff) on those results in Poland (2005), Slovakia (2006), Germany (2005) and Austria (2006). In the last Chapter author resumes the...
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Is the absence of direct democracy in Czech republic democratic deficit?
Bělský, Lukáš ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd / Smetanovo nábřeží 6, 110 01 Praha 1 info@fsv.cuni.cz, tel: 222 112 111 www.fsv.cuni.cz Dle čl. 4 Opatření rektora č. 6/2010 o Zpřístupnění elektronické databáze závěrečných prací http://www.cuni.cz/UK-3470.html a čl. 1 Opatření děkana 29/2010 se z časového hlediska závěrečné práce dělí do tří skupin: a. "nové práce", tj. práce odevzdávané k obhajobě počínaje 29. 9. 2010, b. "starší práce", tj. práce odevzdané k obhajobě od 1. 1. 2006 do 28. 9. 2010, c. "práce před rokem 2006", tj. práce odevzdané k obhajobě před 1. 1. 2006. V tomto případě jde o "starší práci" odevzdanou k obhajobě od 1. 1. 2006 do 28. 9. 2010. Omlouváme se, ale dokument není v elektronické verzi k dispozici.
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Development of czech extreme right-wing after 1989
Kameník, Martin ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
The master thesis Development of czech extreme right-wing after 1989 deals with three the most significant far right-wing parties in Czech republic after 1989. These parties are Association for republic - Czechoslovak Republican Party (SPR-RSČ), National Party (NS) and Workers' Party (DS). The only far right-wing body shall, which was able to enforce on Czech political scene and obtain representation in the Parliament was SPR-RSČ. Other two parties were unsuccessful in elections. Thesis has an ambition to make clear, why SPR-RSČ was that successful and other parties were not. But at the beginning of the thesis is explained concept of far right-wing. After this, is a chapter about SPR-RSČ, which was significant political party in the 90's. Nevertheless after unsuccessful elections in 1998 became piece by piece minor political force. Next part refers about NS, which was very unsuccessful in elections, but was able to attract attention of Czech media by its actions. Thesis also include chapter about DS, which was, as the only one after 1989, dissolved by the Supreme Administrative Court. However the party works under the name DSSS and nowadays is the most successful far right-wing party in Czech Republic. After that is a chapter, which clarifies the reasons why was SPR-RSČ successful and the other...
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The Position of Prime Ministers in the Political Systems of the Czech Republic and Slovakia
Numerato, Marek ; Just, Petr (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
Diploma thesis The Position of Prime Ministers in the Political Systems of the Czech Republic and Slovakia is focused on the comparison of the roles of prime ministers in the political systems of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The selection of these countries for comparative analysis has not been informed only by the shared history, but also by similar problems and challenges that these countries have been dealing with since their foundation in 1993 such as democratisation, economic and societal transformation, consolidation of constitutional institutions or the path towards the European integration. The study maps the experiences of actors of the executive power in both countries and points out the fact that the position of a prime minister in the political system has not exclusively been related to the personality of a prime minister. Furthermore, it is affected by an electoral system and party systems, the nature and stability of governments. Additionally to these easily visible and manifest indicators, the scope of activities of a prime minister also depends on political culture or other variables with a personified nature. Moreover, the institute of a president, legislative bodies, and specific political parties and ministers represent the key "opponents" of a prime minister. The study also observes...
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Political Parties Turning Green: Adoption of the Environmental Issues by Political Parties in the Czech Republic
Sálová, Anna ; Novák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee)
UNIVERZITA KARLOVA FAKULTA SOCIÁLNÍCH VĚD Institut politologických studií Mgr. Anna Sálová ZELENÁNÍ POLITICKÝCH STRAN - ADOPCE ENVIRONMENTÁLNÍ POLITIKY PARLAMENTNÍMI STRANAMI V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE Rigorózní práce Praha 2012 Autor práce: Mgr. Anna Sálová Konzultant práce: Prof. Dr. Miroslav Novák Rok obhajoby: 2012 Bibliografický záznam: SÁLOVÁ, A., Zelenání politických stran - Adopce environmentální politiky parlamentními stranami v ČR, Rigorózní práce, Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd, Institut politologických studií, Konzultant rigorózní práce Prof. Dr., Miroslav Novák, Praha 2012, 169 s. Anotace: Rigorózní práce "Zelenání politických stran - Adopce environmentální politiky parlamentními stranami v České republice" se zabývá fenoménem zelenání univerzalistických politických stran ve smyslu jejich postupné adopce environmentální politiky do volebních programů. Objektem zkoumání jsou programy českých parlamentních stran podle výsledků voleb do Poslanecké sněmovny Parlamentu České republiky v červnu 2010. Problematika je zkoumána z kvantitativního i kvalitativního komparativního hlediska, snaží se odhalit trendy v přijímání environmentální politiky do programových dokumentů a popsat jednotlivé postoje českých parlamentních stran k zelenému programu. Práce dále zkoumá vztah této programové změny k...
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Democratization in Guatemala 1985-1999
Beňová, Monika ; Novák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee)
Guatemala, the most populous and potencially the richest country in Central America happened from geopolitical reasons to be the center stage for the cold war battles in the region. After a brief ten years of democracy after the World War II, long era of military regimes followed. From the 1960, leftist guerrila movement operated in the country with the purpose of throwing over the incumbent governments. Given the length of the contest, officially called the internal armed confrontation, that had spread accross decades, both military governments and insurgents were forced to adapt to changing international situation. At the beginning of the 1980s, the Army decided the war cannot be won unless the major cause of the gerilla fight is not eliminated. This cause being one of the most extremely unequal societies in the hemisphere, the reformist part of the brass challenged guatemalan traditional landed oligarchy as to make them give up a small fraction of their hefty income to finance development in the rest of the society. The oligarchy refused, causing this part of the Army to act on their own. Headed during the first phase by Gen. Rios Montt, young officers got rid of the existing old type of oligarchy-friendly cliqué and seized the power and government. With the prelude of very bloody contrainsurgent...
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Consequences of opposition agreement
Eibl, Lukáš ; Novák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Švec, Radek (referee)
This bachelor's thesis examines the implications and impacts of the opposition agreement between the political parties the ČSSD and the ODS. The introduction is the definition of the way for the conclusion of the contract and the circumstances of its creation. Subsequently the work deals with the analysis and definition of the main causes leaded up to the opposition agreement. On the basis of these causes are identified major themes and objectives of both opposition parties including the definition of what exactly these two sides promised by this unusual and surprising cooperation. The next chapter is concerned with the main theme of this work which is an analysis of the effects and impacts of the opposition agreement. The consequences associated with the Czech political system are analysed at first. The greatest emphasis is placed on the consequences of the new electoral law and its comparison with the original electoral law. The next is the analyse of the transformation and development of the Czech party system during the term of the opposition agreement. I've used Sartori's typology of party systems for this analysis. In addition there are mentioned and discussed also other consequences that are linked to the opposition agreement and that in some way related to political and public affairs....
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Revision of French Constitution in 2008
Lebedová, Renata ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis Revision of french constitution in 2008 analyses french case of the constitutional revision initiated by Nicolas Sarkozy in 2007. This case study focuses on the complex way of modifying constitution in France. It was the biggest constitutional revision in the history of The Fifth Republic. The aim of this revision was to modernise institutions and their better equilibrium. The thesis is divided into two main parts. First chapter mainly analyses the propositions of Committee of reflexion about modernisation and equilibrium of institutions of The Fifth Republic, called Committee of Balladur. This Committee proposed 77 suggestions. Three main goals of this revision were declared: a better control of executive power, reinforcement of Parliament and new right for the citizens. Second chapter focuses concretely on the constitutional law nř2008-724 from 23 July 2008. This paper analyses how the three initially declared goal were accomplished. Concerning the executive power, the powers of the president was limited mainly symbolically in several constitutional articles. His mandate is limited to two succeeding mandats, some of his nomination are newly controlled by Parliament, he has no more power to grant a general pardon. But we can not consider these symbolical changes as a real limitation of executive...
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Theory of cleavages and development of Party System. Comparison of Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland
Štěpánková, Helena ; Novák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with a development of the socioeconomic cleavage in the party systems of the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland in 2006 - 2012. At the beginning the theory of cleavages by S. Rokkan and S. M. Lipset and the enlargement to post-communist countries of Klaus von Beyme, are presented. There are also mentioned concepts of other authors. The thesis tries to answer a few questions. Firstly, what form did this line have in the monitored period (transformation line vs. classical socioeconomic line). Secondly, how big was an impact on the political right-left orientation of the political parties, and thirdly, how significant was this line for the party-political system of selected countries in this period. There is also a brief development of the party system after 1989 as well as the ideological profiles of parliamentary parties given in each chapter focused on particular country. One part of it deals also with the economic and social climate in the monitored period. Then the work is based mainly on the analysis of party's agenda, with an emphasis on the socioeconomic line.
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The causes of fragility of the Albanian democracy
Shahini, Johana ; Novák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee) ; Stojarová, Věra (referee)
Mgr. Johana Shahini - The causes of fragility of the Albanian democracy Factors that influenced the fragility of Albanian democracy vary. This work highlights the main weaknesses of Albanian democracy. It focuses on the political consequences and effects of electoral laws in Albanian political system and the Albanian party system. It analyzes the political inputs and outputs of the democratic process through 4 main variables: the political system, which means the institutional sphere, political factor in terms of political parties, political elite and electoral laws/systems. The first chapter contains introduction to the historical background of the regime. The second chapter analyzes the institutional heritage in the interwar period. The third chapter focuses on the characteristics of the Albanian communist regime and its results. The fourth chapter focuses on transitional period through a detailed analysis of strategic policy decisions and results of transformation process. The fifth chapter focuses on the build-up phase of post-communist institutions between 1991 and 2001. This explains the ins and outs of political process and initial institutional negotiations and proposals. The sixth chapter focuses on the phase of consolidation of these institutions between 2001 and 2010. The analysis shed some light...
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