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Knowledge of and Attitudes toward Electroconvulsive therapy among psychology and medical students
Švecová, Natálie ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Červinková, Monika (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with electroconvulsive therapy with respect to aspects that form and influence attitudes towards this treatment method. The literature review section focuses mainly on providing a general overview relating to electroconvulsive therapy and is divided into three main chapters. The first chapter concentrates on its historical development and current practice, particularly the use of the method, its course and associated side effects. The second chapter deals with attitudes towards electroconvulsive therapy, with a basic overview of the existing research. Within the third section, the issues of stigma and ethical perspective on electroconvulsive therapy are described. The second section focuses on the design of a research aimed at identifying knowledge and attitudes towards electroconvulsive therapy among medical and psychology students. Keywords electroconvulsive therapy; attitudes; informed consent; education; stigma; ethics; anti-psychiatry movement
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Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) Recognition Task in Czech Sign Language
Holubová, Kateřina ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Horáková, Hana (referee)
(in English) The literature review describes the characteristics of deaf people - a group of Czech sign language users - based on medical and cultural-linguistic perspectives. Subsequent chapters provide current knowledge about psychodiagnostics within this population and the pitfalls the psychodiagnostic practitioner may encounter, including the difference in structures between the Czech language and Czech sign language. This section is concluded with a description of psychodiagnostic methods expressed in sign languages and methods initially developed in spoken languages that are nevertheless used in a modified format within this population both in the Czech Republic and abroad. The practical part is devoted to revising the original version of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test in Czech sign language and drafting a list of phonemic and semantic distractors for recognition. The psychometric properties of the converted test are then validated by a group of 31 deaf Czech Sign Language users of old age. As expected, performance on the test was correlated with age and was independent of the place of origin (Prague-Central Bohemia Region and South Moravia Region). However, in contrast to previous studies, women's performance did not deviate from men's. The test's difficulty level was comparable to the...
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Selected Psychological Characteristics in Violence Risk Assessment in Youth in the Czech Republic
Skřivánková, Petra ; Gillernová, Ilona (advisor) ; Jiřička, Václav (referee) ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee)
A description of risk assessment of juvenile violent offending is the main goal of the submitted doctoral thesis. A standardization of a tool SAVRY used for risk assessment of juvenile violent offending is an important part of this paper. Important concepts for understanding of the whole process of violence risk assessment within juveniles are explained in a theoretical part of the submitted doctoral thesis. Specifically, it is a description of developmental periods of pubescence and adolescence, and aggression and violence committed in these developmental periods, the process of violence risk assessment, its development and the current state in the Czech Republic. It is also a presentation of selected protective and criminogenic factors of the violence risk assessment among youth and tools used for this purpose. The whole process of standardization of the scale SAVRY (sample selection and its characteristics, research process, data collection, processing and interpretation) is described in the empirical part of this doctoral thesis. It was found out that the tool SAVRY is effective tool for violence risk assessment among male and also female youth in the Czech Republic, similar to results in many other countries. This doctoral thesis encourages the unification and standardization of the whole...
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Cognitive functions of patients in early stages of multiple sclerosis
Józsová, Kristýna ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Motýl, Jiří (referee)
This thesis deals with multiple sclerosis disease and its connection with cognitive functions. The theoretical part first presents findings related to the mentioned disease, etiopathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment options. Subsequently it focuses on cognitive functions and their impairment in connection with multiple sclerosis, neurological correlates and possibilities of therapeutic action are also presented. Last but not least, space is also devoted to neuropsychological methods used for the purpose of evaluating cognition specifically in patients with multiple sclerosis. The empirical part is focused on cognitive functions in patients diagnosed with the so-called clinically isolated syndrome. Patients are tested using neuropsychological tests in cognitive domains that are often mentioned in connection with multiple sclerosis. These domains include memory, attention, speed of information processing, visuospatial functions, speech, and executive functions. Furthermore, it examines the deterioration of cognitive functions in these individuals in the period from the first cognitive testing after the diagnosis of clinically isolated syndrome, until the second testing, which takes place approximately one and a half years after the first one. Keywords: multiple sclerosis;...
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Borderline personality disorder in the conception of psychoanalytic theories according to Margaret Mahler and Otto Kernberg
Zima, Matyáš ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Michalec, Jiří (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the connections between borderline personality disorder and selected psychoanalytic theories. First, the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder is introduced. Furthermore, its basic characteristics, various etiological models and possibilities of psychodiagnostics, including its difficulties, are defined. In the next part, this disorder is put into the context of psychoanalytic theories. The theory of the separation-individuation process according to Margaret Mahler is elaborated in detail here. Furthermore, the work approaches the concept of borderline personality disorder according to Otto Kernberg, which is based on the concept of object relations. A correlation study is presented in the research project proposal. It aims to verify the existence of a relationship between borderline personality disorder and the aforementioned psychoanalytic theories. Data for the study will be obtained through a test battery consisting of modified PSSI, SII and BORRTI questionnaires. The research sample will consist of people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder from various specialized facilities designed for its treatment. The proposed study may lead to an expansion of psychodiagnostic options for people with this disorder. At the same time, it can attract the...
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Validization of Early Memories of Warmth and Safeness Scale in Czech setting
Kučerová, Lenka ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Dlouhá, Jana (referee)
Present thesis explores early childhood memories of warmth and safety in relation to self- compassion. The thesis aims to establish validity of the Early Memories of Warmth and Safeness Scale (EMWSS-CZ). Theorethical part reviews the importance of early childhood memories of warmth and safety and their impact on developing self-compassion. Furthermore, self-compassion is elaborated in a greater detail in relation to psychopathology and mental health problems. Next, the thesis presents original theories, especially the theory of attachment and other theoretical works associated with therapeutic work focused on self-compassion. Empirical part of the thesis reviews validation of the EMWSS-CZ scale. Data were collected quantitatively using a questionnaire battery consisting of EMWSS-CZ, CORE-OM and YPI- R2. The testing battery was administered online and the collected sample consists of N = 406 participants from a non-clinical population who are older than 18 years of age. Results show negative correlation between recent experiences of negative affect (CORE-OM) and unfulfilled emotional needs in childhood (YPI-R2). Moreover, the high relibility of EMWSS-CZ indicates strong psychometric properties suggesting EMWSS-CZ is fit for use in either research or clinical settings. Keywords Memories of Warmth and...
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Current trends in electroconvulsive therapy
Opelka, Jakub ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Kališová, Lucie (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on electroconvulsive therapy from a research and clinical perspective. Special emphasis is placed on cognitive impairment as one of the most serious side effects of electroconvulsive therapy. It also briefly summarizes the historical development and current good practice in electroconvulsive therapy. It presents several hypotheses on the mechanism of action of electroconvulsive therapy and briefly discusses the technical aspect of this treatment method. Future perspectives and new variants of convulsive methods are described with emphasis on Low Amplitude Seizure Therapy. The proposed research aims to compare the degree of cognitive impairment when using electroconvulsive therapy and its new variant Low Amplitude Seizure Therapy. A sub-objective is to map the profile of cognitive impairment with Low Amplitude Seizure Therapy alone, as no such research exists to date. A battery of cognitive tests consisting of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, and the Columbia University Autobigraphical Memory Interview - Short Form was constructed for research purposes. Keywords electroconvulsive therapy, Low Amplitude Seizure Therapy, cognitive function, retrograde amnesia, major depressive disorder, MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery
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The effect of mindfulness training on self-compassion and resilience in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic
Dušková, Lucie ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Pikola, Julie (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with three psychological phenomena, which are mindfulness, self- compassion and resilience. The first chapter introduces the concept of mindfulness, its definition and historical sources, and the benefits of mindfulness as evidenced by contemporary research. Two subchapters are devoted to the links between mindfulness and self-compassion and mindfulness and resilience, which is complemented by research in these areas. The last subchapter deals with a description of mindfulness training, specifically mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT). The second chapter is devoted to the phenomenon of self- compassion, first defining the concept, then introducing self-compassion in research, and finally describing methods for measuring self-compassion. The third chapter defines resilience, shows the areas of resilience research, then describes the relationship of resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the last two subchapters present methods for measuring resilience of adults, and of children and adolescents. The fourth chapter briefly describes the developmental stage of teenage period, particularly the period of adolescence (ages 15-18), as these individuals are also the target group in the research design, which is the second part of this thesis. In the second part of this...
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Sleep Quality After Experiencing a Traumatic Event in the Context of Pandemic and Pharmacotherapy Treatment Options
Veletová, Johana ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (referee)
This bachelor's thesis examines the potential impact of experiencing a traumatic event on mental health, focusing on the effects on sleep quality in the context of a pandemic. In the theoretical part, space is devoted to defining trauma, the traumatic event and associated post-traumatic stress disorder, with an emphasis on sleep-related symptomatology and changes in sleep quality. Furthermore, the thesis focuses on the circumstances of the pandemic and its potential traumatic impact. The thesis also presents possible pharmacotherapeutic options related to PTSD symptomatology. The research design is aimed at testing the efficacy of prazosin on sleep quality in a population of frontline nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. Thus, this clinical trial could be beneficial in the treatment of acute sleep disorders in this population.
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The Relationship Between The Dark Triad of Personality at Work and Self-efficacy in Consideration of Subjectively Perceived Career Success.
Jakerlová, Jana ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Zábrodská, Kateřina (referee)
The presented diploma thesis focuses on the dark triad of personality and its relationship with self-efficacy and subjectively perceived career success. The theoretical part, which is based on the findings of relevant research studies, discusses in more detail the subclinical forms of narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy, the concept of self- efficacy is presented, especially in its relation to occupational psychological topics, and last but not least the subjective career success. The empirical part focuses on exploring the relationship between all three topics. This purpose was achieved via quantitative study with the sample of 168 employed respondents who completed three methods: The Dark Triad of Personality at Work (TOP), the General Self-efficacy Scale, and the Job Satisfaction Scale which is broadly used in research practice for measuring subjective career success. Seven hypotheses were tested using multiple statistical methods (especially MANOVA, i.e. multivariate analysis of variance). As expected, the link between self-efficacy and subjective career success was found, as well as the link between the self-centred work approach and self-efficacy, also there was confirmed no relationship between self-efficacy and the other two constructs of the Dark Triad. The relationship between...
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