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Development of the contemporary Czech from the point of view of the terms centre and periphery
Smejkalová, Kamila ; Nebeská, Iva (advisor) ; Hladká, Zdeňka (referee) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
The theme of this dissertation is a concept of centre and periphery in the description of the systém of language. We deal with theoretical issues of this concept, we analyze particular aspects, that are connected with it (dynamics, fuzzy boundaries of categories, vagueness etc.), its position among other language universals, and its use in the theory of language culture. We demonstrate, that the beneficial effect of this concept lies is manifested in the presence of same of its aspects in the theoretical ground of following linguistic schools, e. g. fuzzy grammar, semantic fields, and most importantly the theory of prototypes, based on the cognitive psychology, that was adopted by the cognitive linguistics. Also, we pay attention to the application of the centre and periphery in the description of the chosen linguistic phenomena and particular developmental tendencies of the contemporary Czech on the morphological level: We demonstrate the crossings of the linguistic units between two categories on the materiál of feminins oscillating between the declension types "žena" and "růže". Using the proper names (antroponyms and toponyms), we ask a question, if we can také this group of nouns as a periphery of one category (system), or an individual subsystem with its own rules.
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Current problems in neurolinguistics
Stehlíková, Olga ; Macurová, Alena (advisor) ; Nebeská, Iva (referee) ; Hudáková, Andrea (referee)
Neuroliguistics is a young and dynamic subject. It has become one of the fastest developing neuroscience subjects during its 40 year history. It is also probably the most dynamic linguistic discipline. It is quite uneasy to keep track of all (though often partial) important studies in this area because there are approximately 2000 new studies published every year. It is also quite difficult to evaluate and align these studies into a broader development context. The aim of this work is to accomplish this formidable task. It provides a basic insight into the history and current development of the subject with regard to related neuroscience interdisciplinary fields of study. It particularly stresses Czech language, local research environment and theoretical continuity (or better local discontinuity) of the inquiry. This work - as a first more complex publication in the Czech language - should serve as a basic commented overview of neurolinguistic issues. Theoretical knowledge is interconnected with clinical aphasiology field experience (including examples of language-disabled speech) and also general linguistic views of language system. Specific issues described by each subject are mentioned in the chapter introductions. Neurolinguistics is a part of cognitive science (humanities) as well as...
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Euphemisms in contemporary journalism
Švíbková, Zuzana ; Nebeská, Iva (advisor) ; Mareš, Petr (referee)
Tbe use of euphemisms is motivated by lhe speaker's intention to avoid expressions that would be considered inappropriate by the recipient. Ruphemisms are primarily understood as means of politeness; the speaker tries to avoid threatening the face of their communieation partner, or their own. ln joumalism, euphemisms appear also in other funetions, such as means of persuasion and manipulation. Based on material cxeerpled from cultural critiques and reviews we are trying to demonstrale that the traditional understanding 01' euphemisms as grammatieal and lcxical deviees is too narrow. lt is devices rrom a11 levels of language, often eombined, that participate on forming euphcmisms. ln this respect we see the use of euphemisms as a means that has impaet on the eonstruction of the whole text, and consequently consider them a stylistic device.
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Inferences in text understanding
Honková, Tereza ; Nebeská, Iva (advisor) ; Saicová Římalová, Lucie (referee)
The thesis deals with inferences and their function in text understanding. The theoretical part involve a survey of various definitions of inference, a setting of notions which are related to inferences and at last classification of inferences based on linguistic and psychological literature. The empirical part is based on analysis of cook recipes (and technical instruction partially). We have set five means of language which indicate a necessity of making inference (pronouns, ellipsis, hyponyms-hypernyms relation, pronoun vše and adjectivizated participles) - in all cases these inferences are necessary for comprehension. We confronted these inferences with classification described in the theoretical part. Another inferences we make as the text is read are infereces which are not associated with a concrete means of language: bridging inferences and instrumental inferences. Knowledge of the language, general knowledges and experiences take part in inferencing.
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Space-time relations in the naratives of preschool children
Šmídová, Barbora ; Pacovská, Jasňa (advisor) ; Nebeská, Iva (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe children's narration with a stress on spatiotemporal. Children's narrative texts are described in the context of cognitive and mainly discursive linguistics. The theoretical part analyzes available Czech and foreign specialized literature on children's language from the perspective of developmental psychology and different narrative theories, and further on literature on expression of time and space in Czech. The empiric part of the thesis presents analysis of authentic recordings of children's narration. The aim of this part is to describe how pre-school children, namely three and five year old children, learn to narrate and how the narrative skill is being developed. The conclusion tries to sum-up present care of language education of pre-school children.
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Happiness and pain in Czech language picture of the world - topics of cognitive linguistics as part of teaching at primary and secondary schools
Palkovská, Lenka ; Machová, Svatava (advisor) ; Rangelová, Albena (referee) ; Nebeská, Iva (referee)
In my doctoral thesis, I foeused on both eapturing the linguistie pieture of the notions štěstí (happiness) and bolest (pain) in the Czech linguistie pieture of the world, and also on the possibility of incorporating cognitive linguistics topics into Czech language teaching. First of all, I deseribed the notion of cognitive linguistics in connection with psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, and the theory of artificial intelligence. In this theoretical part, I touch on the problém of cognitive relativism compared to cognitive universalism, based, in particular, on Irena Vaňková's book Co na srdci, to na jazyku (Vaňková et al., 2005). I also briefly dealt with the Russian branch of cognitive linguistics. However, a greater attention was paid to the Polish tradition, and to the summary of linguistie pieture features. There are several defínitions of the linguistie pieture of the world: an interpretation of reality is pointed out in one, the way of segmenting the world, and viewing individual parts in another, the way of existence (appearing) of the world in the third. Irena Vaňková gives the following deseription: "It is possible to penetrate the natural world structures by means of language: quite a few essential things will open to us if the linguistie pieture of the world is explored because the natural...
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Czech-Korean dictionary
Park, Mi -Young ; Nebeská, Iva (advisor) ; Löwensteinová, Miriam (referee) ; Pucek, Vladimír (referee)
The dissertation 'Czech-Korean dictionary' consists of two parts: this study and the dictionary (M. Park: Česko-Koreajský slovník,Olomouc 2004). The lexicological method applicated on the Czech- Korean dictionary was generally based on the methodological principles, showed in the Manuals of Lexicology (ed. F. Čermák, R. Blantná 1995). The target users of the dictionary are Koreans living in Czech Republic, it is mainly begginers and pre-intermediate learners of Czech language, the selection of headwords and the volume of the dictionary were adapted to this(medium size dictionary with 25000 headwords). The selection of headwords was based primarily on the ‚Frequency vocabulary of Czech language', materialy on the SSJČ, SSČ and two bilingual dictionaries. This study focuses on the problems concerning the Czech-Korean lexicography, that relate to the differences of both languages and culture. On the typological differences, I mainly focused on morphology (II. chap.). While Czech as a language is flexible, it accumulates gramatical meanings in a single element. Korean as a language is agglutinated, it expresses gramatical meanings by arranging number of elements after each other. A number of differences were shown in the classification of parts of speech. From this point of view the most interesting are the...
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Jiří Haller in the contexts of Czech linguistics
Chromý, Jan ; Nebeská, Iva (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
This study tries to examine the position of Jiří Haller in the context of Czech linguistics, or more precisely in the context of the development of Czech research of language culture. The first chapter analyzes the work of Jan Gebauer, Josef Zubatý and Václav Ertl, Le. the work of Haller's predecessors. The goal is to find joint aspects of theirs approach to the language culture. The second chapter is concerned with the background of Haller's professional work, mainly with the study entitled "Problém jazykové správnosti", which summarizes Haller's early theoretical attitude. The third chapter analyzes the dispute over literary language; it offers a complex survey of those debates and tries to critically evaluate particular polemic appearances. The fourth part examines other works of Jiří Haller, Le. his activities after 1932. The main goal of the study is to revise traditional opinions on the personality of Jiří Haller and to present a more realistic view on his linguistic appearance and his work.
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