National Repository of Grey Literature 247 records found  previous11 - 20nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.00 seconds. 
A study of the behavior of selected metals in affected environments using an isotopic approach
Santos Baieta, Rafael ; Mihaljevič, Martin (advisor) ; Navrátil, Tomáš (referee) ; Tejnecký, Václav (referee)
Metals of anthropogenic origin have consistently polluted the environment. This thesis focuses mainly on highly contaminated soils or tree rings near mines and smelters in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, Portuguese soils were also assessed to study Pb isotopes in post-fire soils. The tracing capabilities of Pb isotopic ratios were employed to determine contamination sources and to evaluate the potential of pine trees as an environmental archive. Several analytical methods were applied, such as catalytic oxidation, Q-ICP-MS, ICP-OES, FEG-SEM/EDS, EPMA, XRD, etc. Soils near smelters located in three different cities [Kabwe (Pb-Zn), Luanshya (Cu, Co), and Selebi Phikwe (Ni, Pb)] exhibited concentrations of metals greatly exceeding those deemed acceptable by the competent authorities. In Kabwe, for example, concentrations of Pb exceeded 16 000 mg kg-1 . In all sites, contamination was shown to be significant only in the upper ±15 cm of soil. Samples of soils taken in remote locations were always clear of contamination. In Luanshya, metal(oid) bearing particles found in the soils were typically spherical and composed of rapidly cooled sulfides and oxides in the flue gas chambers of the local smelter. These were present only in the topsoil. The tree ring record of pine trees in Kabwe was shown to mimic the...
Interaction of triazole terconazole with copper cations.
Bártová, Kateřina ; Jaklová Dytrtová, Jana (advisor) ; Navrátil, Tomáš (referee)
Terconazole is one of the triazole derivatives with an antifungal effect. It is used locally to treat vaginal yeast infections. Terconazole could interact with copper cations in the vagina or uterus of women, who use an intrauterine device releasing copper cations. Other triazole derivatives in complexes with copper cations differ in their properties like toxicity or mobility. Cu2+ can be reduced in the presence of triazoles, which can lead to a Fenton-like reaction and production of free radicals. Thus, the Cu2+ /Cu+ terconazole system can be potentially dangerous. Stoichiometry, fragmentation and stability of forming complexes were studied with tandem mass spectrometry. The Cu2+ /Cu+ terconazole system was measured within pH range from 4 to 7,2, with a concentration ratio of CuCl2 and terconazole 1:5 to 20:1, with water and ethanol as solvents (1:1). Results suggest that terconazole is partially oxidized in the Cu2+ /terconazole system and that this oxidation depends on the pH of a solution. Apart from oxidized and protonated terconazole, other detected ions and complexes were not significantly influenced by pH. The detection of complexes containing Cu+ is alarming because this could correspond with the occurrence of a Fenton-like reaction. Key words Terconazole, copper cations, complexes,...
Manufacture of 3D Printed Microfluidic Channels and Their Characterization by Impedance Spectroscopy and Optical Microscopy Measurements
Štěrba, O. ; Vaněčková, Eva ; Choińska-Mlynarczyk, Marta ; Navrátil, Tomáš ; Kolivoška, Viliam
Fused deposition modeling 3D printing employing high-resolution extrusion nozzles and specialized manufacturing protocols have recently attracted attention as an inexpensive tool to create microfluidic devices. In this work, we have applied such an approach to create measurement cells with integrated microchannels of systematically varied dimensions. The real width of channels was inspected by two techniques, namely (A) impedance spectroscopy employing an aqueous sensing electrolyte and (B) optical microscopic imaging of silicone imprints hardened in the interior of printed structures. Both techniques have demonstrated that fused deposition modeling 3D printing enables precise manufacturing of channels with truly microfluidic dimensions.
Electrochemical Techniques in Monitoring of Nervous System Drugs
Choińska-Mlynarczyk, Marta ; Hrdlička, Vojtěch ; Skopalová, J. ; Šelešovská, R. ; Kolivoška, Viliam ; Navrátil, Tomáš
Drugs of the nervous system (ATC group N) belong generally to the most commonly (mis)used substances worldwide. Their determination and monitoring of these drugs and their metabolites in various body fluids or environmental matrices represent a challenge for analytical chemists. Our research is focused on the application of electrochemical methods in the monitoring of the most frequently prescribed and the newly introduced nervous system drugs of precisely specified structures and/or of defined properties. For toxicological and pharmacokinetic reasons, emphasis has been placed on investigating the reaction mechanisms of their metabolite formation. New or alternative to commonly used electroanalytical methods applicable for monitoring and characterization of target compounds in their pure state, in body fluids, wastewaters, and other environmental matrices, has been developed. To improve the chemometric parameters and sensing characteristics, attention was paid to the construction of new electrochemical sensors, detectors (e.g. screen-printed, 3D printed), or cells, based on (modified/unmodified) traditional or nontraditional materials, preferably usable at the point-of-care.
Voltammetric Determination of Psilocin and Psilocybin at Carbon-fiber PLA Electrode
Choińska-Mlynarczyk, Marta ; Navrátil, Tomáš
Psilocin and psilocybin are two neuroactive drugs. They can be used in experimental treatment in psychiatry, moreover, also as illicit drugs to achieve hallucinations and relaxation. Easy access to these two alkaloids indicates that their monitoring in the environment and the body fluids is necessary. Electrochemistry offers fast, simple, and easy methods of their determination using laboratory-manufactured electrodes from 3D printed carbon-fiber polylactic materials. This technique of electrode fabrication can be characterized by many benefits, e.g., desired shape or diameter of the electrode, well-developed voltammetric signals, and low background currents.
Determination of heavy metal poisoning antidote 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid using silver solid amalgam electrode
Choińska-Mlynarczyk, Marta ; Hrdlička, Vojtěch ; Redondo, B. R. ; Barek, J. ; Navrátil, Tomáš
2,3-Dimercapto-1-propane-sulfonic acid (DMPS) was investigated using direct current voltammetry (DCV), differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry (DPCSV), differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), and elimination voltammetry with linear scan (EVLS) at a polished (p-AgSAE)and at a meniscus modified silver solid amalgam electrode (m-AgSAE). EVLS confirmed two consecutive reductions with coupled proton/electron transfer. Voltammetric titrations of DMPS with Pb2+ proved complex formation, with limits of quantification (LOQs) and detection (LODs) 0.3 and 0.1 mu mol L-1 at m-AgSAE and 0.8 and 0.3 mu mol L-1 at p-AgSAE, respectively. Determination of DMPS in commercial drug Dimaval and human urine samples confirmed practical applicability of the developed method.
Voltammetric Determination of Heavy Metals in Honeybee Venom using Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode and Carbon Conductive Filaments for 3D Printer
Navrátil, Tomáš ; Choińska-Mlynarczyk, Marta ; Šestáková, Ivana ; Hrdlička, Vojtěch
Heavy metals belong to typical contaminants of our environment. It is known that they are\nmetabolized and incorporated into bee products as honey as well as honeybee venom (apitoxin).\nIt is supposed that their composition can reflect contamination of the “bee environment” and\ncan give us information about the environment in the neighborhood of human dwellings.\nThis study aimed to develop a simple method for the determination of heavy metals in honeybee\nvenom. Due to the complicated matrix, wet microwave mineralization with sulfuric acid, nitric\nacid, under increased temperature and pressure, and repeated boiling with concentrated nitric\nacid had to be applied. Voltammetry proved to be very suitable for the determination of heavy\nmetals.\nTwo types of working electrodes have been used: pen-type hanging mercury drop electrode and\ncarbon conductive filaments for 3D printers. Results achieved using both of them and their\nadvantages and limitations have been compared.
Metallothioneins as Biomarker of Environmental Pollution
Šestáková, Ivana ; Křivská, D. ; Navrátil, Tomáš
Small wild mammals living at contaminated soil are exploited for monitoring of their metal and\nmetallothionein (MT) levels, which can be influenced by presence of parasites. This has been\ntested in laboratory experiment with white rats (Rattus norvegicus) infected with tapeworm\nHimenolepis diminuta and given diet enriched with lead or zinc. The influence of parasite was\nconfirmed with analysis of samples, where metal concentrations in infected groups were\nlowered in comparison with the uninfected rats. Within infected groups, tapeworms MT levels\nwere 6 or 3 times higher than MT in tapeworms of the control group. Obtained results support\npossibility of using MT concentration in Himenolepis diminuta for biomonitoring.
Determination of Selected Drugs using 3D Printed Electrodes
Choińska-Mlynarczyk, Marta ; Hrdlička, Vojtěch ; Navrátil, Tomáš
The main aim of this research was to develop a new method for voltammetric determination of\npopular antidepressants, analgesics, and illicit drugs using a laboratory-made 3D printed\nelectrode and to compare the achieved results with those registered using a commercially\navailable glassy carbon electrode. These experiments represent the first step in the development\nof a method applicable in clinical and forensic praxis for the rapid and inexpensive\ndetermination of commonly misused groups of biologically active compounds.

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1 Navrátil, T.
3 Navrátil, Tadeáš
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