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The Role of Cytokines in Support of Malignant Properties of Glioblastomas
Fortelková, Nikol ; Hodný, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Nováková, Zora (referee)
The tumor microenvironment of Glioblastomas (GB) is very complex and transforms throughout radiotherapy and chemotherapy, posing a favourable environment for the malignant properties of GB including invasivity, which promotes aggressive recurrency of the tumor. These changes in the tumor microenvironment are partly induced by cellular senescence and cellular response to stress, accompanied by a specific secretome, so called senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP is distinct in its secretion of growth factors, components of the extracellular matrix and remodelling enzymes, but above all proinflammatory cytokines, which may contribute to the malignant properties of GB. This thesis reviews the current state of knowledge of the potential role of selected cytokines of the SASP (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-1α, TGF-β, CCL2, TNF-α) in support of the malignant properties of GB. Key words: glioblastoma (GB), senescence, SASP, malignant properties, cytokines
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When God comes to know: The verbal root j-d-a as the predicate of God in Pentateuch and its comperhension in Rabbinic and Patristic literature
Nováková, Zora ; Sláma, Petr (advisor) ; Prudký, Martin (referee)
This Diploma thesis deals with two main issues. First, it explores the verbal root yadaʽ (know, learn) in the Pentateuch on places where God or the Lord is a grammatical subject, and second, how this verb has been interpreted by the rabbinic and patristic literature. The first part of the thesis focuses on general characteristics of the verb in contexts where it can reliably testify about God as the subject matter. The second part inquiries into exegesis of two particular cases of appearance of the verb yadaʽ in the so called intransitive form which occurs in the Pentateuch only twice, in Gen 18:21 and Ex 2:25. These two incidences are interconnected not only by the use of the verb yadaʽ but also by the complexity of explication and a number of other motives, especially the term of groaning. Both of the cases represent a groaning cry of the suffering people which is followed by God's response. While in Gen 18:21, the groaning comes from Sodom, in Ex 2:25, there are the sons of Israel crying from Egypt. However, God's knowledge does not precede these situations, it is a response to the resounding crying. The third part of my thesis analyses how the two given contexts are interpreted by rabbinic and patristic literature which can be regarded as sisterly traditions of interpretation of the first centuries of...
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Cytokine expression in chemically-induced senescence
Nováková, Zora ; Hodný, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Hampl, Aleš (referee) ; Dvořák, Michal (referee)
AbstractJanderova-Rossmeislova L., Novakova Z., Vlasakova J., Philimonenko V., Hozak P., Hodny Z., 2007. PML protein association with specific nucleolar structures differs in normal, tumor and senescent human cells. J. Struct. Biol. 159, 56-70. Cellular senescence, widely recognized as a potent suppressor of tumorigenesis, represents response to cellular stress and DNA damage which results in irreversible cell growth arrest. Growing evidence signalizes crucial role of cytokine production in senescence phenomenon. Recently, many research groups have efforted to define exact character of senescence-associated secretory phenotype and its function in senescence development and maintentance. Factors secreted by senescent cells, mainly of proiflammatory character, were found to have pronounced effects on their environment as well as on its own producer. These observations were obtained preferentially on models of replicative senescence and oncogene-induced senescence. Vlasakova J, Novakova Z, Rossmeislova L, Kahle M, Hozak P, Hodny Z. 2007. Histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress IFNalpha-induced up-regulation of promyelocytic leukemia protein. Blood 109: 1373-80 Novakova Z, Man P, Novak P, Hozak P, Hodny Z. 2006. Separation of nuclear protein complexes by blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis....
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When God comes to know: The verbal root j-d-a as the predicate of God in Pentateuch and its comperhension in Rabbinic and Patristic literature
Nováková, Zora ; Sláma, Petr (advisor) ; Prudký, Martin (referee)
This Diploma thesis deals with two main issues. First, it explores the verbal root yadaʽ (know, learn) in the Pentateuch on places where God or the Lord is a grammatical subject, and second, how this verb has been interpreted by the rabbinic and patristic literature. The first part of the thesis focuses on general characteristics of the verb in contexts where it can reliably testify about God as the subject matter. The second part inquiries into exegesis of two particular cases of appearance of the verb yadaʽ in the so called intransitive form which occurs in the Pentateuch only twice, in Gen 18:21 and Ex 2:25. These two incidences are interconnected not only by the use of the verb yadaʽ but also by the complexity of explication and a number of other motives, especially the term of groaning. Both of the cases represent a groaning cry of the suffering people which is followed by God's response. While in Gen 18:21, the groaning comes from Sodom, in Ex 2:25, there are the sons of Israel crying from Egypt. However, God's knowledge does not precede these situations, it is a response to the resounding crying. The third part of my thesis analyses how the two given contexts are interpreted by rabbinic and patristic literature which can be regarded as sisterly traditions of interpretation of the first centuries of...
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Cytokine expression in chemically-induced senescence
Nováková, Zora ; Hodný, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Hampl, Aleš (referee) ; Dvořák, Michal (referee)
AbstractJanderova-Rossmeislova L., Novakova Z., Vlasakova J., Philimonenko V., Hozak P., Hodny Z., 2007. PML protein association with specific nucleolar structures differs in normal, tumor and senescent human cells. J. Struct. Biol. 159, 56-70. Cellular senescence, widely recognized as a potent suppressor of tumorigenesis, represents response to cellular stress and DNA damage which results in irreversible cell growth arrest. Growing evidence signalizes crucial role of cytokine production in senescence phenomenon. Recently, many research groups have efforted to define exact character of senescence-associated secretory phenotype and its function in senescence development and maintentance. Factors secreted by senescent cells, mainly of proiflammatory character, were found to have pronounced effects on their environment as well as on its own producer. These observations were obtained preferentially on models of replicative senescence and oncogene-induced senescence. Vlasakova J, Novakova Z, Rossmeislova L, Kahle M, Hozak P, Hodny Z. 2007. Histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress IFNalpha-induced up-regulation of promyelocytic leukemia protein. Blood 109: 1373-80 Novakova Z, Man P, Novak P, Hozak P, Hodny Z. 2006. Separation of nuclear protein complexes by blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis....
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Optimization of izolation technique utilized for preparation of template material suitable for gene expression analysis of mesenchymal stromal cells from umbilical cord tissue
NOVÁKOVÁ, Zora
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is the main component of the regulation of gene expression in the cell. As the development of techniques of molecular biology proceeds, RNA becomes an important tool for the gene expression analysis in research as well as diagnostic approaches. In contrast to deoxyribonucleic acid, RNA is very unstable and its isolation is tricky. RNA used for the gene expression analysis should fulfill several re foquirements focused especially on its purity. The isolation techniques should ensure effective separation of RNA from other cell components and chemicals used in the process. Currently, several methodologies are employed for the RNA isolation. The most common isolation is guanidine thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform combination called TRIzol or TRI Reagent and the extraction on solid phase so-called the column extraction. This study shows basic knowledge about macromolecule RNA and describes methodologies of RNA extraction from biological material. Spectrophotometry is very common technique used in laboratories. Thus the spectrophotometer is considered according to its speed, accuracy and simplicity of utilization. New improved devices reveal higher accuracy and lower requirements for the sample volume and make huge analyses much easier and more accurate. Getting knowledge about the principle and construction of the device we can improve utilization of the device and interpret the data correctly. In this study basic physical laws and principles concerning electromagnetic radiation and spectrophotometry are described, moreover, the basic model of spectrophotometer and critical parameters for nucleic acid quantification are shown. The aim of the study was to find the methodic approach for the isolation of unlimited amount of RNA of high quality suitable for high-throughput gene expression analysis of mesenchymal stromal cells. In the study several isolation techniques were compared to gain RNA suitable for reverse transcription reaction. These include isolation with guanidine thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform combination and column extraction. In total, yield and purity of RNA isolated by seven kits was compared in relation to the amount of cells used. The study involved comparison of two spectrophotometric devices NanoDrop ND-1000 and BioPhotometer Eppendorf. The accuracy of measurement of the concentration and the purity of RNA, speed, sample volume requirement and the weight of data acquired was compared between tested devices. A set of cell samples containing various number of mesenchymal stromal cells and commercially available RNA were used for testing purposes. The results of the study showed that in case of small cell number samples RNA isolated by column extraction is of higher quality than that isolated by TRI Reagent. From column-based kits the ZR RNA MicroPrep gave the best results the highest yield and purity of isolated RNA. From the spectrophotometric devices tested NanoDrop revealed smaller deviation of measurement, shorter time required for measurement, smaller sample volume requirement and higher weight of acquired data. In summary, ZR RNA MicroPrep and NanoDrop spectrophotometer were selected for preparation of RNA samples suitable for gene expression analysis.
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