National Repository of Grey Literature 91 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Complex morphological, immunohistochemical, molecular genetic and clinical pathological analysis of rare types of ovarian cancers
Galko, Kamila ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Němečková, Ivana (referee)
Ovarian carcinomas are heterogenous group of diseases comprising various histotypes. Ovarian carcinomas as a whole are associated with the highest lethality among the female genital tumors. Currently, 5 main types of carcinomas are recognized: high grade serous carcinoma, low grade serous carcinoma, endometroid carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma. Other types, e.g. Brenner tumors, are very rare. Ovarian carcinomas are very diverse group with various precursors, morphology, genetic aberrations, epidemiologic and clinical, features, therapy and prognosis. The most studied and understood is high grade serous carcinoma with high incidence (up to 70 % of ovarian carcinomas). The number of studies dedicated to this tumor is still increasing. Other types of carcinomas are much less frequent, therefore related studies are rarer. Due to the rapid development of targeted therapy, it is necessary to evaluate the tumors not only morphologically but also on immunohistochemical and genetic level. Detection of neoantigens may indicate the mutation load of a tumor, it is also possible to evaluate status of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins and other features leading to chromosomal aberrations. In contrast to the high grade serous carcinoma, as for other types of carcinomas, knowledge about their...
Functional analysis of endothelial dysfunction in mice aorta following high-fat diet administration
Martínková, Adéla ; Němečková, Ivana (advisor) ; Vitverová, Barbora (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Supervisor: RNDr. Ivana Němečková, Ph.D. Author: Adéla Martínková Title of Thesis: Functional analysis of endothelial dysfunction in mice aorta following high-fat diet administration Background and aim: Endothelial dysfunction is associated with the impairment of vasodilatory response of vessel wall mediated by nitric oxide which is produced by endothelial cells under physiological conditions. Endothelial dysfunction can be induced by high fat diet (HFD) feeding in experimental animals. The aim of this diploma thesis was to determine the effect of HFD on the functional parameters of aorta, especially the effect of the vasodilatory factor acetylcholine on endothelial cells of the thoracic part of the mouse aorta. Methods: The 7 months old C57BL/6J male mice were fed high fat diet containing 42 % kcal fat for 12 weeks to induce endothelial dysfunction in the aorta. The control group was fed a standard laboratory diet during the whole experiment. Functional parameters of aorta were assessed with wire myograph 620M. Results: At the end of the experiment, the weight of the animals was statistically significantly lower in the HFD group compared to the control group of mice fed the standard...
Soluble endoglin: effect on bile acids and cholesterol transport in livers
Grešková, Mária ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Němečková, Ivana (referee)
Maria Greskova Soluble endoglin: effect on bile acids and cholesterol transport in livers Diplomathesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralové Pharmacy Background: Increased plasma levels of soluble endoglin (sEng) have been shown in patients with acute heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, and other metabolic and cardiovascular diseases such as e.g. hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis and cystic fibrosis, which influence as well liver functions. As there are no available data showing effect of sEng on the transport of cholesterol and bile acids, the aim ofthis diplomathesis wasto describe them. Methods: In this study were used six months-old female mice with high level of sEng on CBAxC57BL/6J background and control mice (n = 8, in each group) fed with chow diet for three months. /n vivo study was performed to analyze bile flow. mRNA expression of proteins responsible for cholesterol and bile acids transport and metabolism in the liver was performed by qRT-PCR. Results: sEng did not lead to changes neither in the bile flow nor in the concentration of cholesterol in plasma and liver. There were found no changes in the mRNAexpression of Sr-b1, Hmgcr, Abcg5, Abcg$, Acat2, Abcb4, Abcb11, Abcc2. sEng led to decrease in mRNAexpression of Cyp7al. Conclusion:...
Histological analysis of selected markers in cardiometabolic diseases 2
Zemánková, Lucie ; Vitverová, Barbora (advisor) ; Němečková, Ivana (referee)
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic disease of the liver tissue. More advanced stages of NAFLD are characterized by the development of fibrosis. The fibrotic process occurs at the stage of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and is usually accompanied by inflammation. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of fibrosis markers (α - SMA, galectin - 3 and collagen). As part of the study design, mice were divided into two groups, namely a control group fed a standard laboratory diet (chow diet) and an experimental group fed a CDAA diet. CDAA diet leads to the development of fibrosis through inhibition of fatty acid oxidation in hepatocytes, increase in lipid synthesis and development of oxidative stress and inflammation. Mice were fed for 4 weeks. The expression of selected fibrosis markers was detected and evaluated by indirect immunohistochemistry using the ABC method. The results of this thesis show that α-SMA marker positivity was stronger in the experimental model and was also detected in activated hepatic stellate cells and myofibroblasts in the liver. Galectin-3 staining was also more pronounced in the experimental group than in the control group. Sirius Red staining for the detection of collagen fibers was also more intense in the experimental group, where the analysis...
Histological analysis of selected markers in cardiometabolic diseases 1
Bůtorová, Kateřina ; Vitverová, Barbora (advisor) ; Němečková, Ivana (referee)
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition characterized by the accumulation of excess fat in the liver that is not accompanied by excessive alcohol consumption. In the first stage, there is a simple fatty liver (steatosis) due to excessive fat deposition in the liver cells. As the disease progresses, there is the development of an inflammatory response and the transition to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is the development of an inflammatory response and endothelial dysfunction after administration of a CDAA diet. To clarify this hypothesis, the analysis of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and endoglin expression was selected. In this study, male C57BL/6 mouse model was used. The control group was fed a standard laboratory diet, and the experimental group received the CDAA diet to induce NAFLD for 4 weeks. Administration of the CDAA diet reduces the oxidation of fatty acids in hepatocytes, increases lipid accumulation, induces oxidative stress, and causes steatosis and the development of inflammation in liver tissue. The expression of selected markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction was detected using indirect immunohistochemistry. The results of this study showed a significant difference in the expression of the proinflammatory VCAM-1...
Morphological characteristics of steatosis development in precision cut liver slices and the possibility of its modification
Přibáňová, Petra ; Němečková, Ivana (advisor) ; Nachtigal, Petr (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Laboratory diagnostics in healthcare Author: Petra Přibáňová Supervisor: RNDr. Ivana Němečková, Ph.D. Title of the thesis: Morphological characteristics of steatosis development in precision cut liver slices and the possibility of its modification Background and the aim of the thesis: Non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease. It is considered to be a manifestation of a metabolic syndrome associated with obesity, dyslipidaemia and type II diabetes mellitus. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to describe the anatomy and histology of the liver and hepatic steatosis, as well as to prepare histological slides, their subsequent staining and observation of the influence of different substances on the development of steatosis in liver tissue. Methods: Mouse liver was used to prepare precision cut liver slices (PCLS). The slices were then fixed and incubated in different media. Paraffine slides stained with hematoxylin- eosin or oil red were observed under a microscope. Results and conclusion: When comparing control PCLS without incubation with slices incubated for 36 hours in basic Williams' medium, we found that necrosis...
Immunohistochemical evaluation of profibrotic precursors in precision cut liver slices
Richter, Adam ; Němečková, Ivana (advisor) ; Rathouská, Jana (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Adam Richter Supervisor: RNDr. Ivana Němečková, Ph.D. Title of Bachelor thesis: Immunohistochemical evaluation of profibrotic precursors in precision cut liver slices Organ hepatic fibrosis is the most typical disease progression in chronic inflammatory diseases and overall contributes significantly to worldwide mortality regardless of other causes. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC), which are found in the space of Disse in the liver, are most often responsible for liver fibrotic processes, and they can undergo differentiation into the myofibroblasts, which then significantly participate in the formation of fibrotic tissue. A number of marker genes and proteins specific to these cells are commonly used to observe the activation and development of fibrotic processes and their evaluation. This bachelor's thesis was devoted to the study of the detection of activation of profibrotic precursors in precise cut liver slices (PCLS). The determination of the expression of selected proteins in mouse ultrathin liver sections was used. The expression of desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) was evaluated. Sections for the study of fibrosis were...
Functional analysis of endothelial dysfunction in mice aorta following high-fat diet administration
Martínková, Adéla ; Němečková, Ivana (advisor) ; Vitverová, Barbora (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Supervisor: RNDr. Ivana Němečková, Ph.D. Author: Adéla Martínková Title of Thesis: Functional analysis of endothelial dysfunction in mice aorta following high-fat diet administration Background and aim: Endothelial dysfunction is associated with the impairment of vasodilatory response of vessel wall mediated by nitric oxide which is produced by endothelial cells under physiological conditions. Endothelial dysfunction can be induced by high fat diet (HFD) feeding in experimental animals. The aim of this diploma thesis was to determine the effect of HFD on the functional parameters of aorta, especially the effect of the vasodilatory factor acetylcholine on endothelial cells of the thoracic part of the mouse aorta. Methods: The 7 months old C57BL/6J male mice were fed high fat diet containing 42 % kcal fat for 12 weeks to induce endothelial dysfunction in the aorta. The control group was fed a standard laboratory diet during the whole experiment. Functional parameters of aorta were assessed with wire myograph 620M. Results: At the end of the experiment, the weight of the animals was statistically significantly lower in the HFD group compared to the control group of mice fed the standard...
TRC105 effects on development of fibrosis in liver
Masoumali, Kimia ; Němečková, Ivana (advisor) ; Rathouská, Jana (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences TRC105 effects on development of fibrosis in liver Diploma thesis Hradec Králové 2022 Abstract Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Supervisor: Dr. Ivana Nemeckova, Ph.D. Consultant: M.Sc. Samira Eissazadeh Author: Kimia Masoumali Title of the thesis: TRC105 effects on the development of fibrosis in liver The objective of the thesis Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) become contractile and proinflammatory myofibroblasts due to constant damage activating α-SMA (ɑ-smooth muscle actin) and ECM (extracellular matrix) components. α-SMA is an isoform of vascular smooth muscle actins that is predominantly produced in vascular smooth muscle cells, is a particular marker for smooth muscle differentiation and hepatocyte activation and contributes to fibrogenesis. GFAP (glial fibrillar acidic protein) is a monomeric intermediate filament (IF) III protein most typically expressed by astrocytes however, the expression of GFAP in vivo in inert stellate cells of the liver has been recognized. It's been proven that GFAP levels in the liver of bile duct ligated mice were heightened. CRIP2 (Cysteine- rich intestinal protein 2) is a member of the LIM proteins...
Effect of diet on the development of liver damage of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice
Hemmerová, Amálie ; Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Němečková, Ivana (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Bioanalytical laboratory diagnostics in healthcare Diploma thesis Author: Bc. Amálie Hemmerová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Rathouská, Ph.D. Title: Effect of diet on the development of liver damage of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice This thesis deals with the study of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is considered to be a very serious chronic liver disease. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is an advanced form of NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and is characterized by the presence of hepatic steatosis and inflammation. NASH can be followed by complications such as liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. For NASH research, the first thing to do is to choose the right animal model and diet. In this regard, the CDAA-HFD dietary model, which was also specified in this work, appears to be a very effective model for the study of NASH and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of that dietary regimen on the development of hepatic damage of the character of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. For this purpose, selected parameters of liver fibrosis were monitored in mice in which the mentioned damage was induced by the dietary regimen. The...

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