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Contemporary DIY Photography in a Historical Context
Němcová, Anna Marie ; Šisler, Vít (advisor) ; Slussareff, Michaela (referee)
The thesis primarily aims to analyze the situation of DIY culture on the specific case of contemporary DIY photography through a research focused on photography students and alumni at Czech photography programmes. The research consists of fifteen in-depth interviews conducted with the students or alumni providing qualitative data that is analyzed quantitatively using the interviewees' coded answers. The secondary aim is to provide a theoretical background to the topic of DIY photography, exploring the connection between photography and DIY (Do It Yourself) in its historical context, as well as its current standing, as well as to introduce the photography medium's evolution briefly, focusing on the methods that were discovered, or applied, with a certain level of amateurism or through contribution from another field. Later, it explores the concept of DIY in different forms, subcultures, and contexts to draw a conclusion of how photography and DIY relate. The thesis' findings are centred around the struggle photographers feel when it comes to DIY in digital technologies, mainly due to limits in their skills in hands-on processes compared to analogue photography and the overall level of satisfaction with the available technology.
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Media Legislation of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and its changes
Němcová, Anna ; Křeček, Jan (advisor) ; Štechová, Markéta (referee)
This work deals with venezuelan media legislation, it's changes after the 2002 failed coup d'état and possible implications on freedom of expression. It describes the structure of ownership of media outlets in Venezuela and tries to closer understand the very principles of operating of venezuelan media. It also briefly deals with the socioeconomic situation of the country and with laws, that have been passed under the governance of Hugo Chávez. A part of this study is dedicated to the Chávez - media relationship and to creation of his media image. In quite detailed manner is then analyzed the 2002 coup d'état, in which private media outlets have played the primordial role. This part of the study focuses on media coverage of this critical event in modern history. Related topic to this is then chapter, that unveils american funding of venezuelan journalists and private media outlets. Finally this work sheds light on claims about the undemocratic character of venezuelan media, made by some western media and humanitarian watchdogs, that are proven to be false.
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Quality of life of woman with incontinence
NĚMCOVÁ, Anna
Incontinence, i.e. involuntary paging of urine, is a hygienic, as well as a social, economic and partnership problem. It is a symptom which has various causes. Women of all ages suffer from this symptom while the incidence rises with older age. Incontinence can even affect pregnant women and women after birth. Urine incontinence affects the quality of life to a large extent. Although a number of ways exist of how to solve the problem, women are ashamed to openly speak about it. The task of the midwife is to provide female patients with all information concerning the reasons and the ways of how to cope with incontinence, and therefore to contribute to improve their quality of life. The theoretical part focuses on the anatomy of urinary tract and urination physiology. Furthermore, it describes the types of incontinence, its reasons, diagnosis and the subsequent therapy. In its final part it describes the role of the midwife. The practical part deals with the findings of the way of how incontinence influences affects a woman?s life. Furthermore, it focuses on the way women are informed and where woman obtain information about incontinence. A qualitative survey, i.e. a method of enquiry and a technique of in-depth interviews was chosen to process the task and achieve the predetermined aims. A SEIQoL questionnaire was used as an additional method. The questionnaire compares the resulting values of the quality of life of women who have finished a course of treatment of incontinence with those still being treated at out-patient urogynaecological units. The qualitative survey was conducted in the city of České Budějovice and its vicinity from 29th March to 13th April 2011. A total of 13 in-depth interviews were carried out. There aims were set together with related enquiry questions. The purpose of the project was to find out how women regard the quality of their lives with incontinence, if they are well informed about their problem and where they obtained the information. The purpose of the work was to also compile an educational programme on how to improve the quality of life of woman with incontinence involving the work carried by midwife. The SEIQoL questionnaire showed that the quality of life of women still suffering from urinary incontinence further deteriorates in comparison with that of woman who has been cured. The assessment of the quality of life of women suffering suffering with incontinence should not just be dealt with in scientific articles or research. They should be more sympathetic and assist women in their uneasy situation more than in the practice today. In this respect the education of midwives is extremely important and more attention should be devoted to it.
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Changes of microbial communities resulting from the passage through the earthworm gut
Němcová, Anna ; Pižl, Václav ; Elhottová, Dana
Selective effect of earthworm gut conditions is participating in the reduction or stimulation of individual microbial groups. In general, the passage through the earthworm digestive tract leads to an increase of total active microbial biomass. The numbers of cultivable bacteria present in earthworm gut are not shifted significantly in comparison with surrounding environment but their species richness changes. Usually some bacterial groups are partially changed during the passage. The long-lasting effect of the passage and animal excretion into the soil can involve the function of important microbial groups. The aim of this study was to summarize current knowledge about both quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the microflora connected with these significant representatives of soil macrofauna.
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Archaea – the important part of soil microbial community
Němcová, Anna ; Elhottová, Dana
Archaea is a very old group of prokaryotic microorganisms distinguished by unique characteristics from other procaryotic representatives. Archaea represent the third discrete domain of life. The recent research focused on biology and ecology of Archaea has brought quite new and fascinating information about these microorganisms as well as about the life evolution in general. By virtue of application of recent molecular methods, it is apparent that archaeal habitat is not limited only to extreme environments but it is a distributed group coexisting with other microorganisms in common environments. The study of archaeal role in processes of C and N transformation connected with production and emission of greenhouse gases belongs to important problematic of recent soil biology. From a point of view of the evolutionary relations among soil organisms or interaction with other representatives of edafon the study of Archaea represents other important tasks of soil biology.
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Soil microorganisms as controllers of methane emission from soils
Elhottová, Dana ; Němcová, Anna ; Chroňáková, Alica ; Šimek, Miloslav
The pilot study on functional microbial groups responsible for methanogenic and methanotrophic processes in soil of specific model ecosystem – the cattle overwintering pasture was given. The enrichment by methanogenic archaea was shown in soils strongly impacted due to cattle pasture. The increased methanogenic abundance was accompanied by increased abundance of methylotrophic bacteria. Nevertheless, the ratio of methylotrophic to methanogenic microorganisms was significantly higher in the control soils without cattle impact in comparison to the cattle-impacted soils.
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Nitrogen and carbon transformation processes in soil in permanent grasslands - research in cattle overwintering area
Šimek, Miloslav ; Hynšt, Jaroslav ; Čuhel, Jiří ; Elhottová, Dana ; Chroňáková, Alica ; Němcová, Anna ; Jirout, Jiří ; Krištůfek, Václav
Agricultural soils represent a significant source of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane). Pasture soils and especially overwintering areas receive large amounts of nutrients as animal excrements. Together with other effects, this creates good conditions for high rates of nitrogen and carbon transformations, and also for substantial losses in the form of gaseous metabolites. This paper informs on research of a specific model ecosystem – the cattle overwintering area. Research is focused either on the structure of soil microbial community and on its activities including the formation of gases in, and their emission from the soil to atmosphere.
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