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International migration in the Czech republic and its specific aspects
Bucher, Sabine ; Nývlt, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kačerová, Eva (referee)
This thesis provides an overview of the development of international migration in the Czech Republic to determine the aspects affecting migration. The Czech Republic has become a destination country for many immigrants, not only from the European Union, but also from countries outside the European union. The main goal of this paper is to outline the development of migration movements in the Czech republic before 1989 and in the context of legislative and methodological changes that occurred after 1989. The paper also describes the changes in international migration movements between 2002 -- 2012 in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. These countries belong to the alliance called the Visegrad four. In recent years, they became a new place of migration flows, particularly from countries with less developed economies. The aim is to determine the evolution of selected indicators of migration to identify connections between the selected countries given to their common historical and legal aspects.
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The family as a phenomenon of the past
Koubek, Jan ; Nývlt, Ondřej (advisor) ; Šimková, Martina (referee)
This work focuses on family issues and its development from 1989 to the present. By analyzing the demographic characteristics and sociological facts are trying to determine whether the education of the child is still determined by marriage or otherwise under the common coexistence of household. The thesis is divided into three main chapters. The first analyzes the demographic characteristics associated with households. The second chapter is devoted to the concepts of family and household. The final chapter contains data analysis of the Labour Force Survey for the home. In conclusion, we find the reflection on the future development of family issues.
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EFFECTIVITY OF SCREENING PROGRAMS OF NEOPLASMS IN CZECH REPUBLIC
Valášková, Veronika ; Pechholdová, Markéta (advisor) ; Nývlt, Ondřej (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the national screening programs for cancer diagnosis. The goal of this thesis is to find a proper way how to evaluate the effectivity of screening programs as well as their influence on the intensity of mortality from certain types of cancer. For the purpose of finding out necessary information were used data related to the diagnosis of colorectal cancer, a diagnosis of cervical cancer and breast cancer in the population of the Czech Republic between 1977 - 2011. This thesis is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter is an introduction to the topic and contains the description of the main goals. The second chapter defines terms that are crucial for this thesis. The third chapter is devoted to data sources and institutions that collect different types of data and health statistics. The next chapter deals with the epidemiology of all described types of cancer and also provide information on risk factors and symptoms of the disease. The fifth chapter looks back at trends in mortality and incidence of the most common malignant tumors in the Czech Republic. The sixth chapter describes planning and implementation of screening processes. The seventh history of screening programs in the Czech Republic. The eighth chapter deals with the rules and regulations of the EU Council and the World Health Organization. The ninth chapter represents the final assessment of Czech screening programs, compared both to the WHO guidelines and the results in the world. The last chapter is including description of mortality and their reaction on screening programs. Text describes even comparison with two other European countries (Germany, France).
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Changes in family behavior of young people since 1989
Hladíková, Petra ; Nývlt, Ondřej (advisor) ; Langhamrová, Jitka (referee)
The main subject of this thesis is examining the current state of marital behavior of young people in the Czech Republic and it's development after 1989, focusing on the growing number of single households and the related phenomenon singles. The work is based on the first part of the empirical data, particularly demographic data on family behavior. It highlights the impact of the second demographic transition on the current state of family life of young people and indicates a historical development of nuptality and fertility. In the practical part the focus is mainly on the analysis of the fundamental characteristics of family behavior after 1989. An integral part of my work is the research on the topic.
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Family policy in the Czech Republic in the context of the development of fertility level
Ježková, Jarmila ; Nývlt, Ondřej (advisor) ; Fiala, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to give an overview of the population (family) development from its start in the fifties of the twentieth century until today and to suggest its possible focus in the future. In the theoretical part, the development of family and pro-population precaution in the former Czechoslovakia is described, including international context. The next thing that the theoretical part deals with is the development of the states support of families after the Velvet Revolution in the context of economical a political changes. The analytical part of this thesis deals with the development of fertility using detailed demographic data of sectional and cohort analysis. The conclusion of this paper outlines possible direction of family politics which could ease the life of families, for example in the context of the reconciliation between family and work life.
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Intergenerational transmission of social status
Tůmová, Pavla ; Mazouch, Petr (advisor) ; Nývlt, Ondřej (referee)
My diploma thesis is based on data from Survey on income and living conditions 2011 from ad hoc module on intergenerational disadvantages. The study investigates the transmission of social status from one generation to another. The diploma thesis includes descriptive statistics and data analysis. The main goal is to determine the dependency of socio-economic variables on social status transmission. To examine the strength of transmission of social status (education and occupation) logistic regression was used. In the analysis are respondents in the age 30 -- 60 years old, who lived at least with one of their parents. Due to a large number of respondents dataset enables detailed separation to groups by age groups, education level etc. followed by differences comparison between defined groups. Using the wage mechanism data are representative for population structure of Czech Republic.
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Marital status as a differentiating factor in demographic behavior
Nedomová, Radka ; Pechholdová, Markéta (advisor) ; Nývlt, Ondřej (referee)
Diploma thesis explores the diversity of demographic behavior depending on marital status and is aimed at summarizing the effect of marital status on demographic behavior as a whole. The first phase deals with the concepts of impact of marital status on demographic behavior, explains the theory of selection and causality and outlines the historical development of nuptiality and divorce by using basic indicators. The practical part is based on the results of Population and Housing Censuses during the period 1961-2011 and compares the changes in the structure of the Czech population by sex, age and marital status between censuses. Emphasis is placed on the period after 1990. Furthermore, in separate chapters is mapped out how marital status affects demographic processes of fertility, abortion, nuptiality and mortality. In the case of fertility exploration is emphasized increasing extramarital fertility, as more and more children are born outside marriage, especially to single mothers. By using age-specific and standardized rates are analyzed changes in the development of individual demographic processes between censuses for all categories of marital status. Standardization of mortality for the years 1961, 1970 and 1980 is made on the basis of the formation of shortened life tables and the subsequent modeling of mortality at higher ages. In connection of changing structure of the population by marital status, as the proportion of unmarried and divorced people is growing and the share of people living in a marriage is decreasing, is judged attitude of the Czech public toward marriage and family according to surveys results available.
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The development and demographic consequences of suburbanization in the base of Prague
Postlerová, Marika ; Pechholdová, Markéta (advisor) ; Nývlt, Ondřej (referee)
This bachelor work shows the characteristic progress of suburbanization in the base capital city of the Czech Republic, after the Velvet Revolution. The Second World War interrupted the very successful dynamic era of Czechoslovakia and the following socialistic era had been holding the natural pressure on suburbanization, till the fall of the communist regime at 1989. After the transformation of 1989, it appeared that all those years of struggling; still the Czechs desire to live in a family house in the countryside also known as the suburb. Finally, it was possible to have a restful life in the countryside with job opportunities a short distance nearby capital city. The analyst is using the suburbanization calculations in Central Bohemia Region, depending upon the capital city, using exponential function for the period 2001-2011, which shows the general estimation of suburbanization process in the certain area and also refers to the possible reasons for the differences which are diverged from the general trends. The analyst results may also help to explain future impacts for certain areas. At the end of this work, the main goals have been set up for the regional politics, which is trying to help every region to stay independent and also increase their cooperation and solidarity.
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Third order-specific fertility - pros and cons
Svozil Karpecká, Olga ; Nývlt, Ondřej (advisor) ; Fiala, Tomáš (referee)
This work aims to outline the factors that may affect probability of transition from motherhood of two children to motherhood of three children, in positive or negative way. This work would also like to specify, if this factors can be affected and so the better conditions for three-children-families can be achieved. These goals are reached by analysing demographical data of years 1990-2011 and also by own research of qualitative data in group of mothers-of-two-children in age up to 45 including. This work also contains theoretical background of the problem of decreasing fertility, the development of indicators of fertility of third child in the Czech Republic and selected states of Europe. It is also important to characterize the progression of length of interval between delivery of second and the third child, analysis of probability of transition from motherhood of two children to motherhood of three and estimations of cohort probability of giving birth to third child.
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The Aging of European Populations
Pospíchalová, Barbora ; Miskolczi, Martina (advisor) ; Nývlt, Ondřej (referee)
The objective of the thesis is to evaluate process of ageing of European populations that is in process in particular countries differently. Further, the objective is to denote factors which contributed to this development. Thanks to considerable decline of fertility characteristics in the monitored period there has been observed decline for persons under age of 19. Because of that young-age dependency ratio decline in all European regions. At the same time due to the increase of the 65years old and older people there is increase of the old-age dependency ratio. The total dependency ratio has declined and this trend turned up significantly in last few years. In the future there is expected considerable increase the economic strain imposed on the productive people by the non-productive persons. There is significant difference of the life expectancy between European countries. In the near future higher rating growth will be expected in the less developed countries. More developed countries do not have such a big growth potential in this case. At the same time the values of life expectancy at birth are getting closer together between men and women.
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