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Mathematization in the Epinomis
Jíra, Petr ; Kratochvíl, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Mráz, Milan (referee)
The main problem of the Epinomis is number and its enormous value. In my work I try to explain all implications this interesting approach to reality. The anonymous author of the Epinomis associates number almost with all sort of branch. Some associations are quite startling. Knowledge of number- mathematics- is necessary for all arts, crafts, politics etc. Religion is all-important sphere in the Epinomis, in which the main thing is number. I try to contrast this mathematics-religion with traditional Greek religion. In the following I aspire to explain Plato's aproach to mathematics. I think that Plato's religion isn't mathematics. In the following I explain that mathematics in the Epinomis is divided into arithmetic, geometry,solid geometry, hormony and astronomy. The main science is astronomy, becouse in this branche man can to comprehend the value of number in the cosmos. The star's [planet] motion is perfectly periodical. The starry sky is the best teacher. Man had to venerate starry sky. Man needs deprive of tremor and devote all life to study of divine stars.
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RUDOLF BULTMANN - Selected Problems of Existential Interpretation
Follprechtová, Jana ; Kučera, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Vogel, Jiří (referee) ; Mráz, Milan (referee)
Mgr. Jany Follprechtová RUDOLF BULTMANN - NĚKTERÉ PROBLÉMY EXISTENCIÁLNÍ INTERPRETACE RUDOLF BULTMANN - SELECTED PROBLEMS OF EXISTENTIAL INTERPRETATION The present work deals with the theology of Rudolf Bultmann. It aims not only to analyse the demytologisation programme but primarily to outline to what extent and how existential interpretation influenced his thinking, e.g. in eschatological study, the issue of historical Jesus, in sermons and in the relationship between man and God. The thesis covers the main ambiguities of Bultmann's system, principal critical reactions not only in Germany but also in the Czech Republic. His existential interpretation was a brave and totally adequate act in its time based on which the theology is topical even today.
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Aristotle's conception of space: Phys. IV 208a27-213a11
Císař, Karel ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Thein, Karel (referee) ; Mráz, Milan (referee)
Aristotelovo zkoumání bytnosti místa z Fyziky IV 1-5 se stalo předmětem polemické diskuse již v textech jeho starověkých komentátorů. N arozdíl od jiných témat se navíc takřka žádný z nich nepokusil Aristotelovo pojetí místa hájit. Uzavírá-li Aristotelés své zkoumání definicí, podle které je místo "první nepohyblivou hranici obklopujícího tělesa", a vymezuje je tím jako dvojrozměrnou nepohyblivou mez, v níž se s umístěným tělesem stýká obklopující těleso či agregát těles, většina jeho následovníků má místo za trojrozměrnou rozlehlost. Jak víme ze Simplikiova svědectví, již Theofrastos poukazoval na obtíže spojené s dvojrozměrností a nepohyblivostí místa, i na skutečnost, že ne všechno bude podle této definice v místě. 1 Novoplatónští komentátoři se zase zaměřovali na Aristotelovo odmítnutí možnosti připsat místu příčinnost, což se podle nich neshodovalo s Aristotelovou koncepcí vlastního místa.2 Dalším zdrojem obtíží je pak zdánlivý vnitřní rozpor mezi jednotlivými koncepcemi místa, které Aristotelés zastává v různých spisech. V Kategoriích je místo vykládáno v kontextu nepřetržité kvantity jako trojrozměrná rozlehlost soumístná s tělesem. 3 Ve spisu O nebi Aristotelés pracuje s koncepcí vlastních míst, jejichž směrem se pohybují jednoduchá tělesa. Lehký oheň se pohybuje nahoru a těžká země dolů, zatímco...
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Suárez's metaphysics. From the concept of being via transcendental unity to the kinds of transcendental unity
Heider, Daniel ; Sousedík, Stanislav (advisor) ; Herold, Vilém (referee) ; Mráz, Milan (referee)
The goal of the thesis is to present the metaphysical system, in its systematic origins, of the foremost representative of the period, that is frequently labeled as the second scholasticism, namely of Francis Suárez (1548-1617). The origins are represented by four basic themes that become the titles of particular sections in the thesis: The object and the nature of metaphysics, the concept of being, transcendentals and transcendental unity, and kinds of transcendental unity. In the first section the author deals with Suárez's conception of the object of metaphysics that determines the nature of Suárez's metaphysics as such. The ontological nature of metaphysics is assumed by the claim that the object of metaphysics is being inasmuch as it is real being. The formal object of metaphysics, that is determined ontologically, is connected with the Aristotelian abstraction of the third grade, according to which the peculiar feature of metaphysical investigation is the abstraction from all matter in being. The author shows that that very moment of abstraction is the means by which a metaphysician approaches his/her own formal object. However, the author claims that the appropriation of that approach, which in its diverse applications implies different types of abstraction, does not entail the disciplinary scission...
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Aristotle's conception of space: Phys. IV 208a27-213a11
Císař, Karel ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Thein, Karel (referee) ; Mráz, Milan (referee)
Aristotelovo zkoumání bytnosti místa z Fyziky IV 1-5 se stalo předmětem polemické diskuse již v textech jeho starověkých komentátorů. N arozdíl od jiných témat se navíc takřka žádný z nich nepokusil Aristotelovo pojetí místa hájit. Uzavírá-li Aristotelés své zkoumání definicí, podle které je místo "první nepohyblivou hranici obklopujícího tělesa", a vymezuje je tím jako dvojrozměrnou nepohyblivou mez, v níž se s umístěným tělesem stýká obklopující těleso či agregát těles, většina jeho následovníků má místo za trojrozměrnou rozlehlost. Jak víme ze Simplikiova svědectví, již Theofrastos poukazoval na obtíže spojené s dvojrozměrností a nepohyblivostí místa, i na skutečnost, že ne všechno bude podle této definice v místě. 1 Novoplatónští komentátoři se zase zaměřovali na Aristotelovo odmítnutí možnosti připsat místu příčinnost, což se podle nich neshodovalo s Aristotelovou koncepcí vlastního místa.2 Dalším zdrojem obtíží je pak zdánlivý vnitřní rozpor mezi jednotlivými koncepcemi místa, které Aristotelés zastává v různých spisech. V Kategoriích je místo vykládáno v kontextu nepřetržité kvantity jako trojrozměrná rozlehlost soumístná s tělesem. 3 Ve spisu O nebi Aristotelés pracuje s koncepcí vlastních míst, jejichž směrem se pohybují jednoduchá tělesa. Lehký oheň se pohybuje nahoru a těžká země dolů, zatímco...
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RUDOLF BULTMANN - Selected Problems of Existential Interpretation
Follprechtová, Jana ; Kučera, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Vogel, Jiří (referee) ; Mráz, Milan (referee)
Mgr. Jany Follprechtová RUDOLF BULTMANN - NĚKTERÉ PROBLÉMY EXISTENCIÁLNÍ INTERPRETACE RUDOLF BULTMANN - SELECTED PROBLEMS OF EXISTENTIAL INTERPRETATION The present work deals with the theology of Rudolf Bultmann. It aims not only to analyse the demytologisation programme but primarily to outline to what extent and how existential interpretation influenced his thinking, e.g. in eschatological study, the issue of historical Jesus, in sermons and in the relationship between man and God. The thesis covers the main ambiguities of Bultmann's system, principal critical reactions not only in Germany but also in the Czech Republic. His existential interpretation was a brave and totally adequate act in its time based on which the theology is topical even today.
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Mathematization in the Epinomis
Jíra, Petr ; Mráz, Milan (referee) ; Kratochvíl, Zdeněk (advisor)
The main problem of the Epinomis is number and its enormous value. In my work I try to explain all implications this interesting approach to reality. The anonymous author of the Epinomis associates number almost with all sort of branch. Some associations are quite startling. Knowledge of number- mathematics- is necessary for all arts, crafts, politics etc. Religion is all-important sphere in the Epinomis, in which the main thing is number. I try to contrast this mathematics-religion with traditional Greek religion. In the following I aspire to explain Plato's aproach to mathematics. I think that Plato's religion isn't mathematics. In the following I explain that mathematics in the Epinomis is divided into arithmetic, geometry,solid geometry, hormony and astronomy. The main science is astronomy, becouse in this branche man can to comprehend the value of number in the cosmos. The star's [planet] motion is perfectly periodical. The starry sky is the best teacher. Man had to venerate starry sky. Man needs deprive of tremor and devote all life to study of divine stars.
|
|
|
Suárez's metaphysics. From the concept of being via transcendental unity to the kinds of transcendental unity
Heider, Daniel ; Sousedík, Stanislav (advisor) ; Herold, Vilém (referee) ; Mráz, Milan (referee)
The goal of the thesis is to present the metaphysical system, in its systematic origins, of the foremost representative of the period, that is frequently labeled as the second scholasticism, namely of Francis Suárez (1548-1617). The origins are represented by four basic themes that become the titles of particular sections in the thesis: The object and the nature of metaphysics, the concept of being, transcendentals and transcendental unity, and kinds of transcendental unity. In the first section the author deals with Suárez's conception of the object of metaphysics that determines the nature of Suárez's metaphysics as such. The ontological nature of metaphysics is assumed by the claim that the object of metaphysics is being inasmuch as it is real being. The formal object of metaphysics, that is determined ontologically, is connected with the Aristotelian abstraction of the third grade, according to which the peculiar feature of metaphysical investigation is the abstraction from all matter in being. The author shows that that very moment of abstraction is the means by which a metaphysician approaches his/her own formal object. However, the author claims that the appropriation of that approach, which in its diverse applications implies different types of abstraction, does not entail the disciplinary scission...
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Relationship between practical wisdom and ethical states in Aristotle
Kudláč, Jakub ; Barabas, Marína (referee) ; Mráz, Milan (advisor)
In our text we examme the relationship between practical wisdom and ethical states in Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics. The goal of our work is to define the function of practical wisdom in ethical virtue. We gradually analyze the indiviual parts of definition of ethical virtue from EN II, 6, that is, that virtue is a state concerned with choice which holds the mean relative to us in such a way as a man of practical wisdom would define it. After the analysis of state concerned with choice and practical wisdom we arrive at the determination of practical wisdom as the source of virtuous action; only practical wisdom can be the criterion that pronounces what is bad and good; desire in itself is not capable of deliberation. Following from this a new question arises: how can practical wisdom influence the irrational part of the soul, which is the seat of desire? Practical wisdom, having no direct influence on desire, uses ethical virtue-temperance as it's intermediary. This induces in irrational desire the intention to follow practical wisdom and thus practical wisdom becomes master of desire. We see the contribution of our work firstly in defining the function of practical wisdom in Aristotelian Ethics with greater accuracy and secondly in establishing temperance as a neccessary condition of the other virtues and...
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Aristotle's Critique of Anamnesis Considerations in Plato's Meno
Mráz, Milan
The article shows that Aristotle's critique of considerations from Plato's Meno doesn't imply their total rejection.Aristotle rejects the notion that konwledge is a kind of soul's reminiscence (anamnesis) of knowledge acquired in her prior existence, but he is nevertheless convinced that every cognitive process has its (relatively a priori) suppositions and starting points. He finds this motive in Meno and hence he returns to this text on several places of his works and develops its thoughts in his own way. From this point of view his conception of "true knowledge" (according to which a piece of prior general knowledge is associated with a knowledge of givem particular case) is particulatly interesting.
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