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Towards the systematic support of the early literacy development in preschool age
Šedinová, Petra ; Málková, Gabriela (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee) ; Vitásková, Kateřina (referee)
This study evaluates the benefits of short-term, relatively intensively implemented training programme aimed at enhancing the development of pre-reading skills (specifically phoneme awareness and letter knowledge) in the last year of kindergarten. The evaluation of the benefits is carried out in comparison with the situation without the implementation of the work methodology and with the use of available work content with content aimed at the development of graphomotor skills with commented instruction. Sixty-nine children from four kindergartens were randomly assigned to three groups: pre-reading intervention group (resp. phoneme awareness and letter knowledge intervention), graphomotor skills intervention group and no- training group. Intervention programs were implemented as a 10-week training programmes in the frequency of 3 training lessons per week. The results provide an evaluation of the variability pre-literacy pre-reading performance in regular kindergarten classes and the benefits of the evaluated training program in terms of mobilizing pre-literacy pre-reading skills before starting school. This work maps the current situation in the field of intervention/training tools, their specifics and targets literacy and key pre-literacy skills important for the development of children in the...
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Adolescent Life Satisfaction and Its Relationship with Triadic Family Interactions and Mental Health
Álvarez Kozubová, Karla ; Šírová, Eva (advisor) ; Rojas, Maria Graciela (referee) ; Frascarolo, France (referee) ; Bangdiwala, Shrikant (referee) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
Adolescent Life Satisfaction and Its Relationship with Triadic Family Interactions and Mental Health Abstract Adolescents experience changes, discomfort and increased risk of psychopathology (Vicente et al., 2012), whose approach has been insufficient from the perspective focused on vulnerability/risk. The multidimensional perspective of health that considers protective and opportunity factors of development (Steinberg, 2014) becomes important. Subjective well-being (SWB) has been positioned as a multidimensional health assessment (Suldo & Shaffer, 2008), and the life satisfaction construct (LS) (Diener et al., 1985) as the most stable measure of SWB in constituting the overall judgment of the adolescents regarding their lives and the achievement of their aspirations, values and interests influenced by culture (Eid & Diener, 2004; Maddux, 2018; Seligman, 2011) in addition to their discomfort or symptoms. Objectives: to assess the relationship between life satisfaction, quality of triadic interactions (QIT) and mental health (MH) characteristics (risk and protection) in two groups of Chilean adolescents. Method: case-control study (Case: 30 triads with adolescent receiving care in mental health and Control: 15 triads with adolescent not receiving), non-experimental, cross-sectional with correlational...
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The personal experience of Specific Learning Difficulties
Burianová, Jana ; Komárková, Tereza (advisor) ; Zelinková, Olga (referee) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
The dissertation "Personal Experience of Specific Learning Disabilities" is devoted to the specific issue of the personal experience of the characteristic primary and secondary manifestations of specific learning disabilities (SLD). The dissertation is conceived as a theoretical-empirical one. The theoretical part of the thesis in seven chapters through a literature search elaborates the folowing topics of: social reality, language, learning, learning potential, specific learning disabilities and the role of the student-teacher and the school. Chapter nine serves as a bridge between the theoretical and empirical part of the thesis and reflects on current research and projects. The empirical part of the thesis presents qualitative research exploring the issue of personal experience of specific learning disabilities. The main aim of the research is to convey and describe an authentic experience of the manifestations of specific learning disabilities leading to the development of an understanding of the special educational needs of pupils with SLD. The primary research question asks what is the effect of the personal experience of SLD on seminar participants. The research inquiry was divided into nine phases: designing the content and format of the personal experience of SLD seminar; designing the...
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Cognitive approach to learning
Kuchtíková, Nicole ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (advisor) ; Nekovářová, Tereza (referee)
The undergraduate thesis deals with two cognitive approaches, which are part of the learning process. In the first part of this thesis, the literature review provides a description of a current status of educational policy of the Czech Republic with reasons why we should pay attention to the cognitive processes in learning. The work assesses the learning process from the aspect of cognitive psychology. Two cognitive processes are elaborated, namely attention and memory. Both chapters start with a theoretical introduction and continue with specific recommendations and findings which could be used by teachers and students as well. The second part of the thesis describes a research design, which aims to find out the effect of the practice testing as one of the learning strategies by a quantitative methodology.
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Self-awareness and its Development through Public Policy as a Factor in Choice of Upper Secondary School Programme
Pýchová, Silvie ; Veselý, Arnošt (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee) ; Kirovová, Iva (referee)
In recent years, the topic of people's employability on the labour market has become increasingly important in the context of its dynamic transformation due to globalisation and technological progress. The way to prepare young people in education and the adult population for these changes is the subject of career guidance worldwide. Surprisingly, this topic is currently not very resonating among the actors in the Czech Republic and is not considered as a priority of educational policy, even though it is a major focus of European educational strategies. The objective of this dissertation is to gain insight into the beliefs held by the actors in the Czech educational system regarding the topics addressed by career guidance. The dissertation uses data from the 2019 Delphi survey among the actors in education and applies a phenomenographic approach for its secondary analysis. Based on The Advocacy Coalition Framework, this thesis also aims to discover if it is possible to identify certain opinion groups among these actors. The result of this research offers a map of actors' perceptions on this issue. At the same time, it shows that there are at least two large groups of actors whose views have significant disagreements based on their core beliefs. The output of this dissertation also provides...
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Cognitive approach to education
Štrejlová, Michaela ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (advisor) ; Tomášková, Hana (referee)
The bachelor thesis presents a broad range of cognitive approaches to education. It introduces their theoretical background and also specific concepts related to the topic and created by various authors. The thesis does not only deal with contemporary authors, but also refers to earlier authors. In their performance, the text encounters pitfalls of the traditional approach to education and compares it with the cognitive approach. Finally, the thesis presents advantages that the cognitive approach to education offers and mentions disadvantages of the traditional approach. Last chapter involves a research project proposal, which builds on the theory mentioned in the first part of the work. It focuses on the effectiveness of the cognitive education.
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Psychological Aspects of Prevention of Sexual Risk Behavior with Attention to Attitudinal Changes in Adolescents
Goláňová, Ivana ; Čáp, David (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
Sexual risk behavior is a phenomenon affecting physical and mental health of an individual. In this paper, the psychological aspects of specific types of sexual risk behavior with attention to its causes as well as its consequences are presented. It is focused on a developmental period of adolescence in the context of the risk behavior syndrome in adolescents. Furthermore, effective approaches to preventive activities are discussed. As for the objectives of programs, the main aim is to influence the attitudes of adolescents. These changes should be reflected in their behavior and can be measured. The paper projects a questionnaire for attitudes towards sexual risk behavior of adolescents entitled Inventory SP-20 that is also used in a research design. In the experiment, changes in attitudes within the preventive programs are measured. The change can be an indicator of effectivity of the programs. Keywords: adolescence problem behavior theory risk behavior sexual risk behavior effective prevention preventive programs sexual education attitudes attitudinal changes
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Intrinsic Motivation and Flow Experience in Primary Art School Pupils
Komárek, Tomáš ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee) ; Gillernová, Ilona (referee)
The thesis deals with experiencing flow and intrinsic motivation of pupils at Primary Art School. The aim of the research was to find out the following: to what extent are pupils of Primary Art School intrinsically motivated towards music, to what extent the pupils experience flow while playing a musical instrument and what psychological aspects are related to this type of experience. The target group of respondents represented pupils from musical branch at the age from 11 to 18 (N = 108). The data were obtained from three questionnaires (Flow, Teacher, and Motivation Questionnaire). The first two questionnaires were created for the purpose of this thesis. Motivation questionnaire was translated from English version of SIMS questionnaire (The Situational Motivation Scale). The research proved that pupils of Primary Art School think that they experience flow quite often. Most of the observed variables are significantly related to flow, on the contrary the relationship was less close. The exception was a relationship between flow and intrinsic motivation where closer connection was established. It was not proved that flow experience of Primary Art School pupils relates to participation in any musical groups, range of homework, length of playing musical instruments or gender of the respondents. Key...
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Psychological aspects of obesity in adolescence
Pešková, Barbora ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
The thesis deals with obesity in adolescent population and with its psychological aspects. At first it focuses on obesity from the medical point of view. It presents diagnostics, epidemiology and etiology of obesity. Subsequent chapters describe complications and treatment options of obesity considering the period of adolescence. The larger part of the thesis analyses the psychosocial aspects of obesity. It focuses on the personality of obese adolescents, on family lifestyle and relationships with peers. Furthermore it analyses the issue of incidence of pathology with a focus on eating disorders. The empirical part proposes a research design which focuses on relationships between obese adolescents and their peers. Keywords: Obesity in adolescence, personality, body image, eating disorders, peer relationships
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Deliberate self-harm in adolescence within the context of family system
Řehulová, Alena ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
Main aim of this diploma thesis is to summarize mostly foreign findings concerning deliberate self-harm in adolescence with emphasis on family context. Theoretical part deals with definition, prevalence, functions, course, risk factors and possibilities of prevention and therapy of self-harm. There are also mentioned findings about family system and its possible influence on personality. The research question of empirical part is interested in traits of those families, where adolescent self-harm. Family context is shown both on case studies and on summary based on families of 20 adolescents. These results are in accordance with previous research and also suggest some new characteristics for next verification. Characteristics concerning discordant family relationships (both between parents and between one parent and adolescent) seem to be most important. Majority of respondents feel like their parents are not interested in them at all and are too critical. Almost half of them said that they tried to draw their attention by engaging in risk behavior (including self-harm). There was also high incidence of self-destructive behavior in parents of these adolescents.
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