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Microbial association with house dust mites
Molva, Vít ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Žůrek, Luděk (referee)
The house dust mites (HDM; Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) obtain nutrients from the debris of the skin, hairs and nails, that get off the human and animal body. These debris are covered by microorganisms and the microorganisms are the key factor in the survival of HDM in human-made environments. In this study we made manipulative experiments with the extract from spent growth medium (SPGM). SPGM is the medium after mite cultivation, composed from mite feces, debris of the diet, dead mite bodies and microorganisms. The extract from SPGM (one and three-month-old mite cultures) was used as the source of microorganism to transfer them into diet of D. farinae a D. pteronyssinus. The composition of the bacterial and fungal microbiomes differed between the HDM species, but the SPGM extract addition into diet influenced only the bacterial profile of D. farinae. In the D. farinae microbiome of specimens on SPGM-treated diets compared to those of the control situation, the Lactobacillus spp. profile decreased, while the Cardinium, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, and Sphingomonas profiles increased. The addition of SPGM extract decreased the microbial respiration in the microcosms with and without mites in almost all cases. Adding SPGM did not influence the population growth of D. farinae,...
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Bacteria associated to red poultry mite (Dermanyssus gallinae)
Molva, Vít ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Smrž, Jaroslav (referee)
The poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) (Acari: Mesostigmata) is a hematophagous ectoparasite of poultry, cage birds, mammals and humans. Infection of poultry by poultry red mites (PRM) induce the decrease of egg production, weight gain and fitness. The massive infestation of the PRM can cause the death of the bird. The PRM is danger for human due to his ability of transport bacteria and virus of one host to the other. This review summarize the association of putative pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria with the PRM. There are studies, when PRM is considered as a vector of pathogenic bacteria. The transmission of Salmonella spp. has been observed frequently using PCR and/or cultivation. Listeria monocytogenes has been associated with the PRM only in one study, in which is not clear if the PRM really transport this bacteria or they just appear in the same time and the same place. The transport of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was in one work approved, but the demonstration of transport wasn't successful in other experiment. The role of the PRM in transport Bartonella quintana (causative agent of trench fever) is also not clear. The PRM and B. quintana appeared in the same time in the bird nest near the attic and there were attacked a family with high socioeconomic status by trench fever. However is...
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