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Determination of evapotranspiration from small catchments
Toušková, Jitka ; Šípek, Václav (advisor) ; Možný, Martin (referee) ; Brom, Jakub (referee)
Evapotranspiration (ET) plays a significant role in the hydrological balance. The terms potential (PET) and reference (RET) evapotranspiration are often used while estimating its rate. The doctoral thesis deals with the estimation of PET, RET and other selected processes. First, the influence of net longwave radiation (the component of radiation balance) on the rate of PET was examined. It was found that the standard methods result in the significant differences in PET estimation due to the absence of model calibration to local conditions. The original model caused distinction in the PET evaluation for the Liz experimental catchment by up to 100 mm/year. Calibration of the parameters of two commonly used methods for calculating net longwave radiation reduced the error in PET evaluation to less than 20 mm/year. PET or RET estimation itself can be performed by many direct or indirect methods. Their accuracy is highly discussed. This work focused on selection of suitable methods and their further testing on conditions of 18 stations in the Czech Republic. 37 methods were compared with measured data. It was proven, that the best results in this region were achieved by combination methods (with average RMSE of 1.2 mm/day, 18.6 mm/month, and 33.3 mm/year). Among individual models, the radiation-based...
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Modeling the impacts of combined climatic events on the growth, development and yield parameters of field thermophilic vegetables and oilseed rape in the decision support system in the field of agrotechnology transfer - DSSAT
Potopová, Vera ; Muntean, N. ; Chawdhery, M. ; Trifan, T. ; Zehnálek, P. ; Soukup, J. ; Potop, I. ; Zahradníček, Pavel ; Možný, Martin
Modeling the impacts of combined climate events on the growth, development and yield parameters of field thermophilic vegetables and oilseed rape in a decision support system in the field of agrotechnology transfer - DSSAT. This book will introduce you to the latest information technologies and their applications in agriculture, including decision support systems, crop simulation models and other computer tools. It should also help you to solve problems at the regional level on issues related to crop production and other issues related to agriculture, natural resource management and cropping systems and food security, as well as issues related to climate change and variability. This professional book offers users the appropriate supplementary material to enable them to continuously meet the demands of a changing climate. The book is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part summarizes basic information about simulations of crop production, water and nutrient management, climate risks and environmental sustainability. In the practical part, the procedures for working in the DSSAT program (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) are presented.
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Regional yield forecasting for improved decision making in the plant production
Trnka, Miroslav ; Hlavinka, Petr ; Kudláčková, Lucie ; Balek, Jan ; Meitner, Jan ; Možný, Martin ; Štěpánek, Petr ; Bartošová, Lenka ; Semerádová, Daniela ; Bláhová, Monika ; Lukas, Vojtěch ; Žalud, Zdeněk
The methodology describes how to predict yields of key crops, and at the same time addresses reliability of the predictions and how these can be used. The ability to predict yield levels more than 2 months prior the harvest on the level of regions (NUTS3¨) and districts (LAU1) brings also new opportunities to mitigate impacts of adverse conditions. The methodology shows that the yield forecasts and yield anomalies in particular are consistent and usable in practices. In this methodology, the results of 2018 yield forecasts are presented as an example. The yield forecasting system for the Czech Republic is fully functional and is and will be available through www.vynosy-plodin.cz.
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Temporal Evolution of Dry and Wet Conditions in the Czech Republic During the Growing Season
Potop, V. ; Boroneant, C. ; Možný, Martin ; Štěpánek, Petr ; Skalák, Petr
In the present study, the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was adopted to assess temporal evolution of wet and dry months during growing season (April to September) in the Czech Republic based on a dense network of 184 climatological stations for the period 1961–2010. The SPEI were calculated with various lags, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months because the drought at these time scales is relevant for agricultural, hydrological and socio-economic impact, respectively. To assess the temporal evolution of dry and wet conditions during the growing season, first, the monthly time series of the SPEI for the months April to September were averaged at each station for each SPEI accumulation period (1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively). Then, these SPEI time series were averaged over all 184 stations to get a time series of drought index at country level. The temporal evolution of the SPEI with one month lag represents the year by year moisture characteristic of the current growing season. In this respect, at country level, during the second half of the 20th century and the first decade of 21st century, the hierarchy of the driest years during the growing season was 2003, followed by 1992, 2000, 1983, 1982, 1976, 2009 and 1999. On the other hand, the wettest years during the growing seasons were 1965, 2010, 1977, 1996, 1966, 2001, 1972, 1980 and 1995.
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Studium a ochrana dřevin: Dřeviny v krajinářských programech. Orientační vegetační analýza bylinného patra sledovaných ploch s výsadbou
Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR, Brno ; Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR, Praha ; Výzkumný ústav Silva Taroucy pro krajinu a okrasné zahradnictví, Průhonice ; Tichý, Pavel ; Petruš, Josef ; Možný, Martin ; Koželuhová, Kamila ; Frantík, Tomáš ; Weber, Martin ; Petříček, Václav ; Kohlík, Václav ; Hošek, Michael ; Dostálek, Jiří
Evidence bylinného patra.
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Studium a ochrana dřevin: Dřeviny v krajinářských programech
Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR, Praha ; Výzkumný ústav Silva Taroucy pro krajinu a okrasné zahradnictví, Průhonice ; Tichý, Pavel ; Petruš, Josef ; Možný, Martin ; Koželuhová, Kamila ; Frantík, Tomáš ; Weber, Martin ; Petříček, Václav ; Kohlík, Václav ; Hošek, Michael ; Dostálek, Jiří
Cílem úkolu bylo vytvořit podklad k výběru a použití našich domácích dřevin, které jsou využitelné k výsadbám v rámci krajinářských programů. Byl vytvořen počítačový program ke stanovení druhové skladby domácích dřevin pro výsadby v zemědělské krajině. Byl vytvořen přehled biologických charakteristik našich domácích dřevin využitelných pro výsadby v rámci krajinářských programů. Byl zpracován materiál týkající se reprodukce a regulace přenosu výchozího pěstitelského materiálu. byly vyhodnoceny výsledky sledování modelových výsadeb dřevin. Byl vyhodnocen průzkum reprezentativního souboru výsadeb dřevin.
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