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Geography and ending of Pale of Settlement in the RussianEmpireMgr. Kristina
Mikhalek, Kristina ; Nosek, Bedřich (referee)
Rigorózní práce se zabývá geografii a zánikem Zóny osídlení v Ruském impériu. Práce taktéž rozebírá některé aspekty života ruských Židů, zejména vzdělání, manželství, vojenskou povinnost obyvatel Zóny osídlení. V první kapitole je popsána geografie Zóny osídlení a o každé gubernii je pojednáno zvlášť. Popíšeme konkrétně Besarabskou gubernii, Vilenskou gubernii, Vitebskou gubernii, Volynskou gubernii, Grodenskou gubernii, Jekateřinoslavskou gubernii, Kyjevskou gubernii, Kovenskou gubernii, Minskou gubernii, Podolskou gubernii, Poltavskou gubernii, Tavrickou gubernii, Chersonskou gubernii a Černigovskou gubernii. Druhá část je věnována životu obyvatel Zóny osídlení. Konkrétně se zaměřuje na zákony, které platily uvnitř komunity, vzdělání, manželství, jazyk a na to, jak fungovala židovská samospráva (kagal). Taktéž ve druhé části je pojednáno o pogromech. Na to navazuje třetí kapitola, která je vnímána jako nejdůležitější. Poslední kapitola představuje zkoumání příčin zániku Zóny osídlení. Práce je psána zejména pomocí dobové literatury v ruském jazyce a čerpá i z pramenů, z dobové zákonodární činnosti, která dává možnost nejlépe pochopit vztah mezi Židy Ruského impéria a jeho okolím. Již v diplomové práci "Zóna osídlení v Ruském impériu" bylo zdůrazněno to, že v Rusku byl velmi rozšířen křesťanský...
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Pale of Settlement in the Russian Empire
Mikhalek, Kristina ; Arava-Novotná, Lena (advisor) ; Nosek, Bedřich (referee)
1 Abstract The diploma thesis deals with the establishment of a settlement zone in the Russian Empire. This is an interesting topic, because there was no such thing in other states. It is difficult to compare the Pale of settlement with the ghettos that existed in Europe. The first chapter describes the origin of Pale of settlement itself. The second chapter discuss the general definition of Pale of settlement and the issue of translation of this term into the Czech language. The third chapter focuses on the historical context, the main emphasis is put on the legislation in Russia that was enacted in relation to Jews. It is also very important to mention the attitude to Jews of each tsar and official, because then their attitude was reflected in the laws. The last chapter presents an attempt to formulate the causes of Pale of settlement. The work is based mainly on contemporary literature and contemporary legislative activity, which gives the opportunity to best understand the attitude of the Russian government to the Jews of the Russian Empire. As a result, it can be assumed that Anti-Judaism, which went through its own age development, but from the beginning played only a small role, was very widespread in Russia. Therefore, it had little effect on the establishment of Pale of settlement. The main reason...
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Jews in The Red Army
Mikhalek, Kristina ; Arava-Novotná, Lena (advisor) ; Luptáková, Marina (referee)
In the first chapter will be described a history of Jews in The Russian Empire and Soviet Union. We need this chapter to understand that a question of Jews in a Russian army is a very special phenomenon and this part of thesis helps us to understand demographical, political and economical situation of certain period. In additional, on the base of these dates we could predict procentual ratio of Jews in the Red army and understand that Jews were not a single and specific occurrence but had a spread character. Second chapter is about Russian army and about its creation, goals and this chapter will answer the question why it appeared. The main aspect of this part will be concentrated on The Red Army as the special phenomenon. Further, there will be an attempt to analyze decrees and laws, which were published in the period from 1917 to 1945. The last chapter summarizes knowledges of previous two chapters. This chapter has a scientific approach to the problem of Jews in the Russian Army. There are given certain facts, names and surnames. Also, a great attention is paid for question of antisemtismus inside of The Red army and partisan groups.
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