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Puerto-Rican Spanish with a Focus on Lexis
Dušek, Jakub ; Mištinová, Anna (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
(in English): This Bachelor's Thesis examines the Puerto Rican Spanish vocabulary, which contains a large number of typical features, generally applicable to American Spanish (on a lexical level). A brief overview of the history of the country is also included, as each historical period has had some impact on its language. The paper then describes the theoretical background of every typical feature of the Puerto Rican lexicon, especially its origin or definition. This is followed by a practically focused part, in which specific examples for each aspect in vocabulary. From this chapter conclusions are then drawn summarizing the most important findings of the examined lexical features. The last described area is the situation of English on the island and the presence of Puerto Rican Spanish in the United States. I focused on the specific case of the interaction of both official languages, thus involving the use of anglicisms and Spanglish speech. In conclusion, I have tried to show, inter alia, the basis for the future development of this issue in Puerto Rico.
The language of Mexican youth from the point of view of vocabulary
Šmídová, Kateřina ; Mištinová, Anna (advisor) ; Binková, Simona (referee)
Cílem práce je především analyzovat příklady živého jazyka konkrétního místa, doby a konkrétních mluvčích. Jazyk každého jednotlivce je charakterizován neJvlce místem a prostředím, v němž vyrůstal. Jde jak o prostředí geografické, tak sociální. Geograficky se bude tato práce zabývat územím hlavního města Mexika, sociálním prostředím pak bude prostředí vysokoškolských studentů. Cílem práce je popsat a analyzovat diatopické rysy slovní zásoby jazyka mexické mládeže, poukázat na jevy, které se v této sféře jazyka vyskytují, tj. znaky mexické španělštiny, jež se do jazyka tamní mládeže promítají, a výskyt anglicismů a jazykových výpůjček z indiánských jazyků. Dalším cílem je představit důležité sociolingvistické prvky slovní zásoby vysokoškolské mládeže, nejvíce užívání hovorových, slangových a vulgárních výrazů. Je dbáno na to, aby struktura i obsah práce byly přehledné. Práce je rozdělena do tří hlavních oddílů. První z nich, teoretická část, studuje především teoretické poznatky související s předmětem práce, tj. slovní zásobu jazyka a vliv cizích jazyků v této oblasti. Analyzuje diatopické rysy zkoumaného jazyka, neboť jazyk mexické mládeže je nedílnou součástí mexické varianty španělštiny, vliv nativních jazyků, především nahuatlu, a vliv angličtiny. Zabývá se také sociolingvistickou analýzou jazyka,...
Specifics of language in flamenco lyrics
Miltová, Barbora ; Krinková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Mištinová, Anna (referee)
This Bachelor Thesis deals with a theoretical description of phonetic and lexical charasteristics that appear in flamenco lyrics. For many inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula and also for visitors who have visited this area, flamenco represents one of main symbols of Spain. For Andalusians flamenco symbolizes more than that. Andalusians don't percieve flamenco as a denomination of a musical genre, as a fusion of traditional Spanish folk music and dance, but for them it represents one of the most authentic ways of perceiving, feeling and interpretation of life and world. This Bachelor Thesis is divided into three main chapters. Each of them is aiming to examine flamenco from different perspective. The first chapter focuses on history, description of basic styles and explanation of the term flamenco itself. The following chapters deal with linguistic description of various language components from which flamenco lyrics are composed, that means Andalusian Spanish, Caló and Germanía. Theoretical description of linguistic phenomena is subsequently documented on examples from selected songs, most of which come from work of Spanish folklorist Antonio Machado y Álvarez, Colección de cantes flamencos: recogidos y anotados por Demófilo.
Spanish varieties and Spanglish in the United States
Broulíková, Jana ; Mištinová, Anna (advisor) ; Binková, Simona (referee)
This work is dedicated to the study of Spanish language and the influence it has on English in the territory of the United States of America. The main emphasis is put on the variety of Spanglish. The work is divided into four sections. The first part is focusing on the history and the current state of the Spanish language in Northern America. The language is being divided into basic subgroups. The second part consists of the terminology used thorough this subsequent thesis. As for the third part, it is dealing wih Spanglish and its main characteristics. The final seccion is based on a survey that was realized by means of an Internet questionnaire. The thesis is putting stress on the reciprocal influence of the two languages and the comprehensibility of collected data. Key words Spanish, English, variety, Spanglish, bilingualism, lexicon, code switching, questionnaire.
Spanglish
Plutnarová, Petra ; Mištinová, Anna (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
Cílem této práce je načrtnout současný stav spanglish - jevu, který chápeme jako proces probíhající ve Spojených státech amerických na jedné straně a jako úkaz objevující se ve španělsky mluvícím světě ovlivněném angličtinou na straně druhé - z hlediska lingvistického a sociolingvistického. Zároveň zdůrazňujeme rozdíly mezi spanglish a jednotlivými variantami španělštiny v USA, přestože musíme konstatovat, že dělící čáru mezi nimi není možné umístit s absolutní přesností. Z důvodu špatné dostupnosti materiálu využíváme zejména příkladů sebraných A. Ramírezem a Beatriz Varelou, ačkoli používáme i naše příklady zaznamenané v Miami v září 2005. Tato práce je rozdělena na pět hlavních částí, kromě úvodu ji tvoří teoretický rámec, sociolingvistická situace, lingvistická část, závěr a resumé, to vše je doplněno o dodatek a použitou literaturu. Termín "spanglish" se používá od šedesátých let 20. století, tedy od doby, kdy se v USA zviditelnilo hnutí za práva mexických imigrantů, tzv. chicanos. Většina lingvistů považuje spanglish za dialekt, hlavně z důvodu absence kodifikace spanglish, přestože někteří, zejména Ilán Stavans, věří, že se jedná o nový jazyk. My v této práci vyvracíme, že by šlo o jazyk, hlavně z důvodu toho, že spanglish neprošla procesem kodifikace. Domníváme se, že spanglish je dialekt, ve smyslu...
Interculturalism in teaching French as a foreign language in Czech schools
Jamborová, Barbora ; Loucká, Hana (advisor) ; Mištinová, Anna (referee)
Due to globalization new politico-economic relations between countries and their citizens have been developing. Interactions between nations and cultures has been intensified with the advent of multinational corporations, the opening of borders and the increase of student and workforce mobility. The above-mentioned phenomena create a new social climate which is reflected in the educational policies and in curricula. This paper looks into the intercultural education in teaching French as a foreign language at Czech schools. The theoretical part is grounded in the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). This document written by the Council of Europe introduces the new concept of language teaching in European countries. It deals with questions such as how to learn languages, how to teach them and how to evaluate the process of teaching and learning. The overall objective of the CEFR is to train European citizens to operate in today's multicultural world. The CEFR enables the creation of common curricula and common methods of evaluation. For this purpose the CEFR introduces the so called 'level descriptions'. Individual levels are described through competences. Competences comprise knowledge, abilities, and individual's characteristics that enables the person to perform certain acts. Intercultural...
Characterization of today's mexican spanish
Kloučková, Lucie ; Mištinová, Anna (advisor) ; Binková, Simona (referee)
In this paper I describe the current mexican spanish on the basis of available research by renowned linguists. I am also using my own experience with this language since I had lived in Mexico for several years. The paper is divided in four parts. The introduction contains also the definitions of terms relevant to the subject. The second part gives a view on mexican spanish first from the perspective of diachrony or the historical development of the language, and second from the perspective of synchrony which comprises the diatopic and diastratic points of view. The third part of the paper describes the phonetical and phonological aspects of mexican spanish, its morphosyntaxis and its lexical aspects. To ilustrate the theoretical parts of this paper, the last part contains transcriptions and analysis of two recordings of native speakers from the state of Guanajuato, made by myself during my stay in Mexico. Mexican spanish shares its main traits with other variants of spanish spoken in Hispanic America. In the field of phonology, it is the phenomena called seseo and yeísmo, in the morphosyntactic and lexical fields, it is the use of the form ustedes instead of vosotros, the use of words regarded as archaic in Spain or the absence of the phenomena called leísmo, laísmo and loísmo. Using periphrases instead of...
Valuation of the most frequent Italian textbooks
Skoupá, Renata ; Štichauer, Pavel (advisor) ; Mištinová, Anna (referee)
This critical study of some of the most frequently used Italian textbooks in the Czech Republic focuses on general evaluation and comparison of five textbooks of Italian language which I have had an opportunity to work with as a student as well as an Italian teacher.All the textbooks were examined on the basis of these eleven criteria and were compared as tools used by students as well as teachers. Among the outcomes of my research I would like to emphasize the fact that one of the biggest problems is the complete absence of Italian realia in the textbooks. Out of the five evaluated textbooks, only Studio italiano, a textbook designed for Anglophone students, can be considered as suitable in this aspect. Moreover, it is again only this textbook out of the five which contains a sufficient number of units of revision. The other four Italian textbooks either lack the revision completely or include it just as some kind of less important aspect. Another problem that was revealed in the research is the chronological order of grammatical structures. In regard to this aspect the textbook Italština pro samouky (a self-study textbook) seems to absolutely inappropriate not only for self-study preparation but also for classes lead by a language teacher. It is a kind of textbook which can significantly decrease...
Spanglish
Plutnarová, Petra ; Mištinová, Anna (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
Cílem této práce je načrtnout současný stav spanglish - jevu, který chápeme jako proces probíhající ve Spojených státech amerických na jedné straně a jako úkaz objevující se ve španělsky mluvícím světě ovlivněném angličtinou na straně druhé - z hlediska lingvistického a sociolingvistického. Zároveň zdůrazňujeme rozdíly mezi spanglish a jednotlivými variantami španělštiny v USA, přestože musíme konstatovat, že dělící čáru mezi nimi není možné umístit s absolutní přesností. Z důvodu špatné dostupnosti materiálu využíváme zejména příkladů sebraných A. Ramírezem a Beatriz Varelou, ačkoli používáme i naše příklady zaznamenané v Miami v září 2005. Tato práce je rozdělena na pět hlavních částí, kromě úvodu ji tvoří teoretický rámec, sociolingvistická situace, lingvistická část, závěr a resumé, to vše je doplněno o dodatek a použitou literaturu. Termín "spanglish" se používá od šedesátých let 20. století, tedy od doby, kdy se v USA zviditelnilo hnutí za práva mexických imigrantů, tzv. chicanos. Většina lingvistů považuje spanglish za dialekt, hlavně z důvodu absence kodifikace spanglish, přestože někteří, zejména Ilán Stavans, věří, že se jedná o nový jazyk. My v této práci vyvracíme, že by šlo o jazyk, hlavně z důvodu toho, že spanglish neprošla procesem kodifikace. Domníváme se, že spanglish je dialekt, ve smyslu...
Communication Between Conquerors and Natives During the Conquista
Pastyříková, Helena ; Mištinová, Anna (advisor) ; Binková, Simona (referee)
In my diploma thesis I analyze the key issues connected with the difficulties of communication between Spaniards and native inhabitants after the arrival to the American continent in 1492. Concretely, I focus on the first period of contact with the indigenous population. In the first part of the thesis I describe the historical and political situation in the area. Then I characterize the language policy of the Spanish court and also the linguistic situation in Latin America after the arrival of Spaniards. Next part of the thesis is dedicated to dominant Indian languages, which were used for the communication of colonizers and indigenous people and had the most significant influence on the Spanish language. There is also characteristic of the role of interpreters and importance of signs for communication during the conquest of America. The third chapter is dedicated firstly to the theoretical definition of the basic terms relevant for the topic. I describe the ways of enriching the vocabulary of languages and I explain the way how the new vocabulary was transmitted during communication between the Spaniards and the Indians. I also mention the categories of vocabulary which were most influenced by the indigenous languages with examples of loanwords from native languages in Spanish. In final part I...

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