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Change in the discourse of the League and the Five Star Movement after the 2018 elections in Italy
Vaněček, Vojtěch ; Mejstřík, Martin (advisor) ; Kasáková, Zuzana (referee)
The presented thesis deals with the change of discourse of two populist parties in Italy after the 2018 general elections. It is a comparative study that examines the phenomenon of populism through the example of the Five Star Movement (M5S) and the League (LN). These parties and movements are perceived as populist and are on different sides of the political spectrum on a number of issues. Together, the LN and the M5S formed a governing coalition after the 2018 elections. The aim of this paper is to compare the development and analyse the changes in selected aspects of populism of these entities during the year of joint government. It seeks to determine the position of the LN and the Five Star Movement in the political spectrum, to identify how their policies overlap, with an emphasis on the period of transition from opposition to government
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French left-wing populism and three presidential attempts of Jean-Luc Mélenchon
Urbanová, Anna ; Mejstřík, Martin (advisor) ; Šindelář, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with the elements of left-wing populism in Jean-Luc Mélenchon's candidacy for the French president. In the empirical part, it uses critical discursive analysis to examine the programmes for the 2012, 2017 and 2022 elections, paying attention also to the presentation of the presidential candidate and his public statements. The aim of the thesis is to find out how Mélenchon's discourse of left-wing populism has evolved and whether he has exploited or handled moments of social crisis in his campaigns. The research also focuses on the concept of mainstreaming populists, according to which they depart from their original ideals to make their rhetoric more acceptable to a wider range of voters, doing so in an attempt to achieve increased electoral results.
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The Transformation and Continuity of the Italian Social Movement in 1990s
Šrámková, Eliška ; Mejstřík, Martin (advisor) ; Váška, Jan (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the transformation of the former neo-fascist Italian Social Movement party that took place in the 1990s. The party emerged from the transformation as the National Alliance party and is referred to as post-fascist in the professional literature. The aim of the work is to find out whether the party has really transformed or changed only outwardly, but in fact remained faithful to its former values. Another goal of the work is also to find out whether the party's approach to its fascist roots has changed in theses. The method of this work is a comparison of the final theses from the party's national congresses in 1990 in Rimini and 1995 in Fiuggi. In the first part of the thesis, the concepts of post-fascism and neo- fascism are analyzed for an overview, and the second part follows, in which the history of the Italian social movement is briefly described. In the third part, individual theses from the 1990 and 1995 congresses are analyzed, and in the fourth part, theses are compared. From the result of the comparison, it was found that the National Alliance party has transformed in some areas, but in the majority its positions have remained the same as those of its predecessor. Among the most fundamental changes is the separation from the fascist roots of the Italian...
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How have far-right parties impacted political discourse in the European Parliament from 2013 to 2015?
Coutinho Cunha, Bianca ; Rodón, Toni (advisor) ; Mejstřík, Martin (referee)
The present research proposes an analysis of discourse that has impacted different political parties in the European Parliament (EP) to become more susceptible to anti-immigration rhetoric and the far-right agenda. The main hypothesis is that the European refugee crisis of 2015 and its outcomes have impacted far-right political parties' discourse in the EP. This study chose the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) and the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) to further analyze. This will be done by utilizing critical discourse analysis on EP speeches from these political groups from 2013 to 2015 on the topic of migration, focusing on how the migratory influx might have led to an increase in far-right rhetoric within this institution. The present study will then use speeches chosen after an inductive coding and categorization method to make a descriptive analysis to observe the impact of this discourse within the EP. The findings indicate a significant correlation between the refugee crisis of 2015 and the adoption of anti-immigration rhetoric and far-right positions by the ECR, as well as notable shifts in the S&D discourse, as a direct response to this phenomenon. The radicalization of both ends of the political spectrum was noted through the use of critical discourse analysis and...
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Italian Foreign Policy towards Libya in the Context of Externalization of Migration Control
Přeček, Marek ; Mejstřík, Martin (advisor) ; Kasáková, Zuzana (referee)
Since approximately the 1990s, the countries of southern Europe have been developing a policy of so-called externalization or transferring responsibility for immigration and asylum procedures and obligations to other countries, in response to the growing waves of immigration. Since the beginning of the century, Italy and Libya have been developing various forms of this cooperation, with dynamic changes based on the internal political situation in both countries. This thesis examines the development of the given policy on the part of Italy after what is probably the biggest qualitative shift in mutual relations, i.e. after the events of the Arab Spring and the change of the Libyan regime. The aim is therefore to analyze the nature and development of the conception of Italian foreign policy towards Libya in the area of migration, from the position of the executive leaders of this policy, i.e. the prime ministers and the ministers of the interior and foreign affairs of the governments of Matteo Renzi, Paolo Gentiloni and Giuseppe Conte (2014-2019). The research question therefore deals with whether the selected Italian governments have continuity in their conception of migration policy with the previous cabinets in the line of securitization and externalization of migration, and we can therefore talk...
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The path of Italian fascists to power and its reflection in the Czech press
Klouda, Daniel ; Mejstřík, Martin (advisor) ; Matějka, Ondřej (referee)
This bachelor's thesis examines the rise of the Italian fascist movement from 1920 to 1922 and its reflection in selected Czech press. The theoretical part focuses on the Czech media landscape after World War I, followed by a description of the historical and political context of the events observed in Italy, briefly outlining the history of the fascist movement from its origins to Mussolini's appointment as prime minister. The practical part involves a qualitative analysis of articles covering six selected events involving Italian fascists, which were significant for the fascist movement. The choice of these events was influenced by their violent nature - through their violent actions, the fascists eliminated opposition and subsequently managed to discredit and undermine state authority and sovereignty to the extent that their rise to power seemed inevitable. The aim of this work is to monitor and compare interpretations of this development through selected events in three Czech newspapers: the national-democratic Národní listy, the independent Lidové noviny, and the communist Rudé právo. The thesis aims to analyze whether and how the ideological convictions of these newspapers were reflected in the rhetoric used to describe the fascist activities in the examined articles.
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European(ised) media: journalists reporting on Europe in a European public sphere
Verhoeff, Adriaan Gijsbrecht ; Stepanovic, Vera (advisor) ; Mejstřík, Martin (referee)
This thesis focuses on Dutch journalists working for written press on European affairs. The contribution of this thesis will be threefold: Firstly, it looks at the role-perceptions of journalists in a professional context that has altered dramatically due to the transformations of media and changes to European politics outlined above. Secondly, it does so by looking at specifically at journalists from the Netherlands - a core EU-member state that has been mostly overlooked in country analyses of the European public sphere (except for (Statham 2010b). Thirdly, this thesis will apply a wider multi-media approach to the profession of the journalism, by not only focussing on national newspapers, but by mapping the contemporary European media landscape and interviewing Dutch journalists working for a variety of European written press, both online and offline (ranging from EUobserver to Algemeen Dagblad. Considering all the above-mentioned developments with regards to European politics and the media landscape, it is worth shedding light on the linkage between Dutch journalists and a European public sphere. With ten semi-structured, qualitative interviews with exclusively Dutch speaking journalists, this thesis would provide the biggest contribution to thinking about the European public sphere in a Dutch context...
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Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) and its European policy 1986-2007
Ježková, Simona ; Kunštát, Miroslav (advisor) ; Mejstřík, Martin (referee)
This master's thesis, titled Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) and its Approach to European Integration 1986-2007, analyses an era of twenty-plus years in which the party, led by Jörg Haider, underwent a major ideological shift. The FPÖ abandoned its original liberal pro-European position and, in the 1990s, became a Eurosceptic populist movement akin to the far right. This work aims to assess whether these shifts can be described using the theories formulated by Paul Taggart and Aleks Szczerbiak and by Nick Sitter - who postulate that a party's participation in government is among the factors influencing the degree to which it is Eurosceptic. They suggest that a party's rhetoric regarding the European Union tamps down if the party participates in the government, becoming a part of a coalition government or supporting a minority government. During the period examined in this thesis, the FPÖ was a part of three governing coalitions. It was also a period of significant events which enable us to analyse the FPÖ's conduct - in particular, the Austrian accession to the EC/EU, the adoption of treaties modifying the functioning of the EU, the Austrian presidencies of the Council of the EU in 1998 and 2006, the European Parliament elections and their representative's activities in the EP, the process of...
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