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The role of dietitian in education of patients with histamine intolerance
Erban, David ; Humlová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
Aim of thesis: The aim of the research was to evaluate whether individual education by a clinical dietitian has a positive effect on the overall treatment of patients suffering from histamine intolerance. Methods: Eighteen patients with histamine intolerance attending the allergy outpatient clinic of the Department of Immunology and Microbiology of 1st Medical Faculty and General University Hospital in Prague were selected for the study. All eighteen of them completed the study. Before education, the patients filled in a questionnaire and blood was taken for subsequent analysis. This was followed by an approximately one-hour consultation with a clinical dietitian, from which each patient also received an individually created output. Patients also had the opportunity to contact the clinical dietitian with any questions via email. After three months, the patients again completed the questionnaire and blood was drawn again for subsequent analysis. Based on this information, it was compared whether or not the patients with histamine intolerance had improved their clinical symptoms and quality of life due to education by the clinical dietitian. Three respondents developed the acute respiratory disease at the beginning of the study, so it was not possible to collect blood from them before education. In...
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Functional fitness and Vit. D levels in patients with hepatopathy
Brtková, Helena ; Novák, František (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
Introduction: patients with hepatopathy are at risk of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D levels affect, among other things, metabolism and physiological functions of muscle tissue and thus functional fitness. The aim of this study is to assess muscle mass and strength in relation to vitamin D levels and other factors that affect functional physical fitness in patients with cirrhosis, compared to a control group of patients without hepatopathy and other chronic comorbidities. Methods: 11 patients with liver cirrhosis were enrolled in an observational cohort study compared with 11 controls without chronic comorbidities. Anthropometric and bioimpedance measurements were performed, functional tests, the 6MWT 6-minute walk test, hand grip strength assessment and calorimetry examination were also evaluated, and laboratory parameters were assessed. Study participants completed the CLDQ test, which assessed the quality of life of people with liver disease. Respondents answered questions regarding lifestyle, eating habits, physical activity and functional physical fitness. For patients with cirrhosis, the Child Pugh score and MELD score were used to assess the progression of cirrhosis. Results. At the time of the study, the vast majority of patients had a compensated form of liver cirrhosis, Child Pugh A...
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Influence of supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on inflammatory markers in patients on long-term parenteral nutrition
Svěchová, Hana ; Novák, František (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
SMOFLipid® is a commonly used fat emulsion for parenteral nutrition. We investigated how enrichment of SMOFLipid® with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in a form of second fat emulsion, Omegaven® , changes fatty acid composition of total plasma phospholipids and erythrocyte phospholipids, cytokine concentrations in serum and in supernatant from in vitro whole blood culture stimulated with lipopolasaccharide (LPS) and we evaluated also changes in oxido- reductive balance. Eight patients on long-term home parenteral nutrition recieved both emulsions, SMOFLipid® (6 weeks) and SMOFLipid® +Omegaven® (4 weeks), one by one. We observed no significant differences in common laboratory and clinical parameters between these two types of diet. Enrichment of SMOFLipid® with Omegaven® led to an increase in eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in total plasma phospholipids and there was also an increse in proportion of EPA in erythrocyte phospholipids, while proportion of DHA remained unchanged. These changes were in both phospholipids of plasma and erythrocyte compensated for a decrease in proportion of linoleic and arachidonic acid (n-6 PUFA). There were elevated IL-6 and TNF-α serum concentrations in patients after both diets. There was a decrease in IL-6 production by 36% with SMOFLipid®...
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The Nutrition Day at the standard and intensive care beds in the teaching hospital
Lupoměská, Petra ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Novák, František (referee)
The Bachelor thesis consists of two parts - the theoretical and the practical one. The theoretical part is divided into several chapters; the first one is focused on the main information about malnutrition such as its definition, prevalence, classification, causes, impact and the methods of diagnosing. The following chapter describes the algorithm for nutritional care; the rest of the chapters deal with the artificial nutrition, where the indications, contraindications, complications and other essential information related to enteral and parenteral nutrition are described. The practical part is dedicated to the worldwide programme "Nutrition day" and also to the evaluation of the data given by patients of the 4th internal clinic VFN in Prague during the programme. The research part was carried out on grounds of quantitative survey through a standardized questionnaire. There are two aims to the study; the first one was to find out the food intake of all patients of the 4th internal clinic. This goal was not accomplished, because not every patient placed in the standard ward was willing to complete the questionnaire. However, the study showed that only 29 % out of 62 patients who completed the questionnaire ate the whole portion of meal. The second aim was to find out if the daily calorie intake...
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Current possibilities and resources of enteral nutrition
Hrnčířová, Naďa ; Heczková, Jana (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
0BABSTRACT This thesis is focused on enteral nutrition. This issue is an integral part of intensive and resuscitation care, but it is also a part of standard and follow-up care. There are more and more new resources and the products for enteral nutrition are improving. The theoretical part deals with malnutrition, discusses the different components of nutrition. Much of the thesis forms ways of application of nutrition. The issue is a nasogastric tube, a nasojejunal tube, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy, feeding button or sipping. There are further expanded the introductions, nursing care, indications and contraindications of these options. The following chapters analyse the modes of enteral feeding, advantages and disadvantages of enteral nutrition compared to parenteral. The practical part is focused on research using anonymous questionnaires in the area of enteral nutrition. The survey was conducted in four departments of three teaching hospitals in Prague. It was focused on nurses and paramedics in medical intensive metabolic care units. The survey had 73 respondents. The aim was to identify the mode of feeding that nurses prefer and how they apply it, analyze the extent to which the nurses actively involve themselves in this, how they are oriented in...
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Mobile home parenteral nutrition
Votavová, Markéta ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Čapková, Radka (referee)
A stationary or portable infusion pump can be used to administer home parenteral nutrition (HPN). The stationary pump (SP) must be fasten to the infusion stand, so patients administer infusions in night mode to maintain their quality of life and mobility in the daytime. However, administering the HPN at nighttime can cause complications. Conversely, the portable pump (PP) does not have to be fasten to the infusion stand and the infusions can be administered in day mode during activities, as the PP can be placed in a special backpack. The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the administration of HPN in day mode in patients with a PP and further to evaluate and compare the results of quality of life and liver function tests results in patients with a PP and a SP. HPN patients with a PP and a SP completed the HPN-QOL questionnaire in the nutritional clinic at the 4th internal clinic of the General University Hospital in Prague during outpatient visits. In addition to that, patients with a PP completed a questionnaire focused on the administration of HPN in day mode. Liver function tests results (total bilirubin, ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, cholinesterase and albumin) were obtained from patients' medical records. A total of 14 respondents with a PP and 14 respondents with a SP were included in the...
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Ginger and broccoli as superfoods
Techlovská, Anežka ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Ryšánková, Marie (referee)
The aim of the Bachelor's thesis is to investigate the infamous "superfoods" and to find out how nutrition therapists feel about this group of foods. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part is based on scientific articles and studies and examines the characteristics of two specific representatives of "superfoods": ginger and broccoli. Each of these foods is looked at primarily in terms of chemical composition, the content of the most important substances and their potential effects on human health. The practical part is aimed at nutritionists and other food therapists. It took the form of a survey to find out whether professionals are familiar with 'superfoods' and their selected representatives, whether they recommend this group of foods in their practice and what their opinion of it is. The results showed that the vast majority of nutritionists consider ginger and broccoli to be superfoods and recommend both for consumption in their practice, but less than half recommend superfoods in general. A plurality of experts think that ginger is analgetic, antiemetic and antioxidant, while less than half think that it prevents the development of neuro-degenerative diseases, lowers LDL cholesterol and counteracts the development of malignant diseases. The...
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Home parenteral nutrition during a day and night regime
Fidlerová, Karolína ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Staněk, Ivo (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with home parenteral nutrition in the day and night regime and its effect on patients. Parenteral nutrition is usually administered at night so that patients can do normal daily activities and so that nutrition administered in this way has the least impact on their lives. Parenteral nutrition is not a physiological route of nutrient administration and it is not natural for the human body to process nutrients at night. The first part of the theoretical work presents parenteral nutrition and its composition, indications, contraindications and complications. The next part of the thesis describes home parenteral nutrition and its organisation which is necessary for this form of nutritional support to be implemented. It is necessary to monitor many laboratory values on parenteral nutrition, the theoretical part specifically mentions cholesterol, triacylglycerols, glycemia or liver function tests. One of the important parts is the chapter about circadian rhythms, hormones and metabolic changes in energy intake at night. Qualitative research was chosen for this work, which involved 17 patients on home parenteral nutrition. These patients were getting their nutrition during the night. Their laboratory values such as liver function tests, glycaemia and blood fats was evaluated and...
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Histamine intolerance
Draberová, Hana ; Humlová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the topic of histamine intolerance (HIT). HIT is primarily caused by decreased activity of the enzyme diamine oxidase (DAO) which breaks down histamine. The accumulation of histamine in the human body can manifest itself with the wide range of symptoms. The most common symptoms include digestive problems, skin problems, and headaches. The symptoms of HIT are often similar to an allergic reaction, so making a correct diagnosis can be difficult. An elimination diet is recommended to relieve the symptoms. The basis of the elimination diet is to exclude food that increases the histamine level in the body. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes the current knowledge about histamine intolerance and elimination diet. The practical part is focused on the mapping of the current situation in adult patients with diagnosed HIT. The research data were obtained from a questionnaire survey, which took place in the allergological clinic and on social networks. The research group consisted of one hundred and fifty-four respondents. The data showed that respondents who got HIT information from their physicians were more aware of HIT than those who gained knowledge from other patients with HIT. Most respondents who...
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