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Analysis of czech vowels to be generated aloud and in a whisper
Matug, Michal ; Vašek, Martin (referee) ; Mišun, Vojtěch (advisor)
The modal and spectral characteristic belongs among important human acoustic spaces of vocal tract. They occur at generating vowels and other acoustic aspects of human speech. We can observe the resonant phenomena of acoustic cavity of vocal tract in the human speech spectrum, primary however at vowels generation. However near vocal tract occurs series of frequency tops in the spectrum of vowels, which necessarily may not be resonant origin. That is why sometimes quite difficult assign is right frequency tops to resonant tops of acoustic cavity. It consist in operate of acoustic excitation of vocal tracts. The pronounced of vowels loudly and in a whisper has different excitation of vocal tract. At generating vowels loudly is excited by scheme of harmonic components outspread to fundamental frequency of glottis. At talking in a whisper is vocal tract excited by continuous spectrum generated by turbulent fluxion of exhaled flatus over glottis. We give a name "formant" to a frequency, at which happens to resonance of acoustic space. Aim of this work is analysis of Czech vowels formants generated loudly and in a whisper. Experimental metering of these formants was performed on human vocalic tract for all vowels. Further then on artificially created vocalic tracts for vowels A, I. Then were modal characteristics of vocal cavity for vowels A, I, tested by method of final elements with the help of computing program ANSYS. In this work were surveyed courses of acoustic pressures for individual formants, influence sizes vocal tract and influence of correct mouth opening on formants. Also has been effected computational simulation of harmonic excitation on tract by side of glottis.
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Computational modelling of interaction between oscillating vocal folds and air flow
Pavlica, Ondřej ; Matug, Michal (referee) ; Švancara, Pavel (advisor)
Master thesis deals with creating numerical model of the human vocal folds. Calculation algorithm includes interaction between vocal chords and the air flow. Modal analysis of structural and acoustic environment, backround research of vocal folds function and summary of some published overviews of numerical models are parts of this work. Analysis of the results achieved by the numerical simulations and calculations are focused on the pressure and velocity conditions in the areas under vocal folds, between vocal folds and above vocal folds. Movement and stress analysis of individual layers of vocal folds has been made. Impact of tissue thickness on resulting behaviour has been assessed.
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Finite element modelling of pathological changes in human vocal folds tissue and their influence on videokymograph
Martínek, Tomáš ; Matug, Michal (referee) ; Švancara, Pavel (advisor)
Master´s thesis deals with creating planar computational model of human folds, involving fluid-structure interaction. With this model, the influence of changes in vocal folds tissue layers (stiffness, thickness) and their effects on the videokymograph image are studied. Analysis of the results also deals with the evaluation of pressure at selected points below, between and above the vocal folds. The results indicate a possible similarity with the behavior of human vocal folds with pathology. Background research of vocal folds function, an overview of vocal folds pathology and summary of computational models are included.
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Compensatory Vocal Folds for Source Voice Generation: Computational Modeling of Vocal Folds Function
Matug, Michal ; Vampola, Tomáš (referee) ; Horáček, Jaromír (referee) ; Švancara, Pavel (advisor)
This doctoral thesis focuses on computational modelling of human vocal folds and vocal tract functions using finite element method (FEM). Human voice is crucial in human communication. Therefore one of the main targets of current medicine is creation of artificial vocal folds, which would substitute the original vocal folds. The computational modelling can be used to understand principles of voice production, determination of parameters that the artificial vocal folds have to meet and verification of their functionality. First part of this thesis focuses on modelling of human voice creation by whisper. Influence of intraglottal gap on eigenvalues distribution for individual vowels was analysed using FEM vocal tract and trachea model. Further there is presented two-dimensional (2D) finite element model of the flow-induced self-oscillation of the human vocal folds in interaction with acoustic spaces of the vocal tract. The 2D vocal tract model was created on the basis of converting the data from magnetic resonance images (MRI). Explicit coupling scheme with separated solvers for structure and fluid domain was used for modelling of the fluid-structure interaction. Created computational model comprises: large deformations of the vocal folds tissue, contact between vocal folds, fluid-structure interaction, morphing the fluid mesh according to the vocal-fold motion (Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian approach), unsteady viscous compressible or incompressible airflow described by the Navier-Stokes equations and airflow separation during glottis closure. This model is used to analyse the influence of stiffness and damping changes in individual vocal fold tissue layers (in particular in superficial lamina propria). Part of this computational analysis is also comparison of vocal folds behaviour for compressible and incompressible flow model. Videokymograms (VKG) are subsequently created from obtained results of FEM calculations which enable to compare individual variants between themselves and with motion of real human vocal folds. In next part of this thesis is presented three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of the flow-induced self-oscillation of the human vocal folds. This 3D model was created from a previous 2D model by extrude to the third direction. Using this model was again compared influence of compressible and incompressible flow model on vocal folds motion and generated sound by using videokymograms and acoustic spectra. The last part of this thesis focuses on the possibility to replace missing natural source voice in form reed-based element. Behaviour of reed-based element was analysed using computational modelling and using measurements on experimental physical model. The physical model enables changes in setting gap between reed and reed stop and performing acoustical and optical measurements.
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Compensatory Vocal Folds for Source Voice Generation: Computational Modeling of Vocal Folds Function
Matug, Michal ; Vampola, Tomáš (referee) ; Horáček, Jaromír (referee) ; Švancara, Pavel (advisor)
This doctoral thesis focuses on computational modelling of human vocal folds and vocal tract functions using finite element method (FEM). Human voice is crucial in human communication. Therefore one of the main targets of current medicine is creation of artificial vocal folds, which would substitute the original vocal folds. The computational modelling can be used to understand principles of voice production, determination of parameters that the artificial vocal folds have to meet and verification of their functionality. First part of this thesis focuses on modelling of human voice creation by whisper. Influence of intraglottal gap on eigenvalues distribution for individual vowels was analysed using FEM vocal tract and trachea model. Further there is presented two-dimensional (2D) finite element model of the flow-induced self-oscillation of the human vocal folds in interaction with acoustic spaces of the vocal tract. The 2D vocal tract model was created on the basis of converting the data from magnetic resonance images (MRI). Explicit coupling scheme with separated solvers for structure and fluid domain was used for modelling of the fluid-structure interaction. Created computational model comprises: large deformations of the vocal folds tissue, contact between vocal folds, fluid-structure interaction, morphing the fluid mesh according to the vocal-fold motion (Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian approach), unsteady viscous compressible or incompressible airflow described by the Navier-Stokes equations and airflow separation during glottis closure. This model is used to analyse the influence of stiffness and damping changes in individual vocal fold tissue layers (in particular in superficial lamina propria). Part of this computational analysis is also comparison of vocal folds behaviour for compressible and incompressible flow model. Videokymograms (VKG) are subsequently created from obtained results of FEM calculations which enable to compare individual variants between themselves and with motion of real human vocal folds. In next part of this thesis is presented three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of the flow-induced self-oscillation of the human vocal folds. This 3D model was created from a previous 2D model by extrude to the third direction. Using this model was again compared influence of compressible and incompressible flow model on vocal folds motion and generated sound by using videokymograms and acoustic spectra. The last part of this thesis focuses on the possibility to replace missing natural source voice in form reed-based element. Behaviour of reed-based element was analysed using computational modelling and using measurements on experimental physical model. The physical model enables changes in setting gap between reed and reed stop and performing acoustical and optical measurements.
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Finite element modelling of pathological changes in human vocal folds tissue and their influence on videokymograph
Martínek, Tomáš ; Matug, Michal (referee) ; Švancara, Pavel (advisor)
Master´s thesis deals with creating planar computational model of human folds, involving fluid-structure interaction. With this model, the influence of changes in vocal folds tissue layers (stiffness, thickness) and their effects on the videokymograph image are studied. Analysis of the results also deals with the evaluation of pressure at selected points below, between and above the vocal folds. The results indicate a possible similarity with the behavior of human vocal folds with pathology. Background research of vocal folds function, an overview of vocal folds pathology and summary of computational models are included.
|
|
|
Computational modelling of interaction between oscillating vocal folds and air flow
Pavlica, Ondřej ; Matug, Michal (referee) ; Švancara, Pavel (advisor)
Master thesis deals with creating numerical model of the human vocal folds. Calculation algorithm includes interaction between vocal chords and the air flow. Modal analysis of structural and acoustic environment, backround research of vocal folds function and summary of some published overviews of numerical models are parts of this work. Analysis of the results achieved by the numerical simulations and calculations are focused on the pressure and velocity conditions in the areas under vocal folds, between vocal folds and above vocal folds. Movement and stress analysis of individual layers of vocal folds has been made. Impact of tissue thickness on resulting behaviour has been assessed.
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Analysis of czech vowels to be generated aloud and in a whisper
Matug, Michal ; Vašek, Martin (referee) ; Mišun, Vojtěch (advisor)
The modal and spectral characteristic belongs among important human acoustic spaces of vocal tract. They occur at generating vowels and other acoustic aspects of human speech. We can observe the resonant phenomena of acoustic cavity of vocal tract in the human speech spectrum, primary however at vowels generation. However near vocal tract occurs series of frequency tops in the spectrum of vowels, which necessarily may not be resonant origin. That is why sometimes quite difficult assign is right frequency tops to resonant tops of acoustic cavity. It consist in operate of acoustic excitation of vocal tracts. The pronounced of vowels loudly and in a whisper has different excitation of vocal tract. At generating vowels loudly is excited by scheme of harmonic components outspread to fundamental frequency of glottis. At talking in a whisper is vocal tract excited by continuous spectrum generated by turbulent fluxion of exhaled flatus over glottis. We give a name "formant" to a frequency, at which happens to resonance of acoustic space. Aim of this work is analysis of Czech vowels formants generated loudly and in a whisper. Experimental metering of these formants was performed on human vocalic tract for all vowels. Further then on artificially created vocalic tracts for vowels A, I. Then were modal characteristics of vocal cavity for vowels A, I, tested by method of final elements with the help of computing program ANSYS. In this work were surveyed courses of acoustic pressures for individual formants, influence sizes vocal tract and influence of correct mouth opening on formants. Also has been effected computational simulation of harmonic excitation on tract by side of glottis.
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