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New regulatory metabolic factors in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Matějková, Mirka ; Haluzík, Martin (advisor) ; Flachs, Pavel (referee)
Fibroblast growth factors are proteins with diverse biological function in development, tissue repair, and metabolism. The human FGF gene family consists of 22 members. FGF 19 subfamily includes FGF 19, FGF 21, and FGF 23. They act as systemic factors in an endocrine manner. FGF 19 subfamily requires klotho protein as a cofactor for its action. FGF 19 produced by intestine acts mainly in the liver through FGFR4, where it inhibits bile acid and fatty acid synthesis. FGF 21 is produced by the liver and contributes to the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism through modulation of glucose uptake in adipocytes. Serum FGF 21 levels are increased in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Serum FGF 19 levels are on the contrary decreased in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and more probably depend on the nutritional status of the organism than on the glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Key words: type 2 diabetes mellitus, FGF 19, FGF 21, obesity, adipose tissue
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Characterization of obesogenic diet effect on adipose depots in mice C57BL/6J
Matějková, Mirka ; Bardová, Kristina (advisor) ; Lacinová, Zdeňka (referee)
Obesity is closely related to insulin resistance development, ectopic fat accumulation in the liver and skeletal muscles, liver steatosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Adipose tissue of obese subjects produces increased quantity of adipokines, which are involved in development of insulin resistance, and in the same time macrophages causing low-grade inflammation are infiltrating into adipose tissue. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 series have beneficial effects on adipose tissue inflammation and lipid and carbohydrate metabolic pathways in organism. There is lot of research ongoing on laboratory animals on negative consequences of obesity and possible improvement. Obesity is induced by diet with high fat content and the consequences are evaluated. I have analysed the influence of different high fat diets and a diet with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 series on homogeneity of adipose depots in the cell size and the level of inflammation. I observed gradual development of obesity due to administration of high fat diet to laboratory animals. Methods: Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), assessment of lipid metabolites in blood, assessment of triacylglycerols in the liver and in the adipose tissue, assessment of DNA in...
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New regulatory metabolic factors in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Matějková, Mirka ; Haluzík, Martin (advisor) ; Flachs, Pavel (referee)
Fibroblast growth factors are proteins with diverse biological function in development, tissue repair, and metabolism. The human FGF gene family consists of 22 members. FGF 19 subfamily includes FGF 19, FGF 21, and FGF 23. They act as systemic factors in an endocrine manner. FGF 19 subfamily requires klotho protein as a cofactor for its action. FGF 19 produced by intestine acts mainly in the liver through FGFR4, where it inhibits bile acid and fatty acid synthesis. FGF 21 is produced by the liver and contributes to the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism through modulation of glucose uptake in adipocytes. Serum FGF 21 levels are increased in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Serum FGF 19 levels are on the contrary decreased in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and more probably depend on the nutritional status of the organism than on the glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Key words: type 2 diabetes mellitus, FGF 19, FGF 21, obesity, adipose tissue
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