National Repository of Grey Literature 51 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Funding of Political Parties: An International comparison
Martinek, Jan ; Antoš, Marek (advisor) ; Jirásková, Věra (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to compare the current legal regulations of political party funding across selected EU countries and to formulate de lege ferenda proposals, based on the "good practice" in these countries, for the construction of state contributions and for the regulation of private financing of political parties in the Czech Republic. The author first presents the basic problems related to public and private financing of political parties. He describes how the financing of political parties has changed over time, what are the advantages and disadvantages of private and public financing, what principles govern both approaches to financing, and how to find a balance between them. While private funding has existed in various forms for as long as political parties, the origins of public funding in Europe date back to the 1950s. The share of public funding in political parties' income has gradually increased, which has reduced many of the problems associated with private funding, and often contributed to more equal electoral chances, but on the other hand, new problems have emerged, in theory associated, for example, with the concept of the cartel party. In the second part of the thesis, the author compares the current legal regulation of public and private financing of political parties in...
Gastroparesis - pathophysiology, etiopathogenesis and possibilities of endoscopic treatment
Husťak, Rastislav ; Martínek, Jan (advisor) ; Bureš, Jan (referee) ; Urban, Ondřej (referee)
Background: Gastroparesis (GP) is a disorder characterized by delayed gastric emptying in the absence of a symptomatic mechanical obstruction of the stomach with cardinal symptoms. Two principal pathophysiological mechanisms are believed to be responsible for development of GP: global gastric hypomotility and pylorospasm. As pylorospasm may play an important role in GP, the efficacy of treatment modalities targeting the pylorus, such as gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy (G-POEM), is currently being intensively studied, as these methods have the potential to help especially patients with severe symptoms for whom other treatment measures are ineffective. The aims of our studies were: (1) to evaluate clinical efficacy of G-POEM in the treatment of patients with severe GP; (2) to evaluate the changes in objective periprocedural parameters measured by gastric emptying study (GES) and functional planimetry; (3) to evaluate safety of G-POEM and (4) to compare the efficacy of two closure methods used to close the mucosal incision in G-POEM: clips and endoscopic suturing (ES). Patients and methods: Patients older > 18y, with gastroparesis cardinal symptoms index (GCSI) > 2.3 and abnormal GES were eligible for inclusion. All projects had been performed between 2015 and 2021. Project (1): Clinical efficacy of...
Early esophageal neoplasia: etiology, pathophysiology, pathogenesis and treatment. Barrett's esophagus and early esophageal adenocarcinoma
Krajčíová, Jana ; Martínek, Jan (advisor) ; Dolina, Jiří (referee) ; Bureš, Jan (referee)
Background: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a premalignant condition defined by replacement of normal esophageal squamous-cell epithelium by cylindrical epithelium with intestinal metaplasia (IM). Patients with BE associated neoplasia (BORN) are candidates for endoscopic treatment. The aims of our studies were: (1) analysis of long-term efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and evaluation of risk factors for persistent/ recurrent neoplasia/ IM; (2) to assess the results and safety of confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) compared to standard biopsies in patients after successful endoscopic treatment of BORN; (3) to assess the sampling quality obtained by different types of forceps; and (4) to assess "de novo" reflux after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) and its severity (the risk of development of further complications). Patients and methods: We performed a total of 4 studies. (1) In a retrospective RFA study we evaluated data of 136 patients treated endoscopically for BORN in 4 centers in the Czech Republic. (2) In a prospective, pathologist-blinded, CLE study, we evaluated concordance in the detection of IM or neoplasia with CLE compared to standard biopsies in 56 patients who underwent standard surveillance endoscopy. (3) In a prospective study comparing 4 types of forceps, we evaluated the...
Immunohistochemical and molecular-genetic markers in predicting the progression of esophageal neoplasia in correlation with pathophysiology
Kollár, Marek ; Martínek, Jan (advisor) ; Suchánek, Štěpán (referee) ; Mandys, Václav (referee)
Introduction: Esophageal cancer ranks eighth among the most common malignancies worldwide. The two most common types are adenocarcinoma and spinocellular carcinoma. Correct histopathological diagnosis, cancer staging and identification of predictive risk factors of progression are important in terms of further disease course and management. While patients with mucosal carcinoma without risk factors are treated endoscopically, those with submucosal invasion or mucosal carcinoma with risk factors are referred for surgical therapy according to current recommendations. Histopathology is still considered the gold standard in diagnosis, often used in conjunction with immunohistochemistry, e.g., to document a TP53 gene mutation, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of esophageal dysplasia. New diagnostic methods, such as confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), also play an important role. Other crucial factors include patient follow-up, early and reliable detection of persistent or recurrent lesions. Aims, methods and patients: In the thesis, 4 separate, partly connected projects are assessed together, with a partial overlap of patients. The aims of the individual projects were as follows: 1) To identify predictive factors of esophageal cancer progression, risk of metastasis and...
Russia's Idea After the Dissolution of the USSR. The changes of V. Putin's geopolitical thought
Martinek, Jan ; Kolenovská, Daniela (advisor) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee)
In this thesis, I examine how geopolitical ideas about the future development of the Russian Federation changed after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and how the Vladimir Putin regime has subsequently built on this debate. Using Russian political and geopolitical thought, I demonstrate that the key questions to which the Russian elite (whether intellectuals or members of the ruling class) have attempted to find answers over the past two hundred years remain relevant and continue to shape social discurs: For example, the question of how open Russia should be to foreign influences, whether it represents a European, Asian, or unique civilization, and whether the Russian nation has an exceptional, messianic mission to which it must subordinate its existence. Different schools of geopolitics have successively offered different - mutually contradictory - answers to these questions. Thus, I first present the history of the search for the Russian idea, and then, using speeches and articles delivered and written by Vladimir Putin in particular, I argue that none of these geopolitical conceptions alone fully explains the direction in which today's Russia is heading, but that in their summary they can in some way explaining the gradual changes in Putin's rhetoric and policies. Whereas earlier geopolitical...
Insurance contracts clustering to risk homogenous groups
Martínek, Jan ; Zimmermann, Pavel (advisor) ; Justová, Iva (referee)
In the present work we study classes of homogenous policy contracts by CEIOPS definition and its specified risk characteristics. First part of the thesis study the risk measures and the methods used to measure these risks. As the main risk categories we study underwriting and reserve risk. In the second part of the thesis we analyse these classes by its risk characteristics and cluster them in homogenous groups. At the end we outline the characteristic features of each group for better understanding the result of presented cluster analysis.
Molecular mechanism of mechanoreception in plants
Jelínková, Barbora ; Martinek, Jan (advisor) ; Fendrych, Matyáš (referee)
Plant, as sedentary organism, does not have many possibilities to physically escape it's unpleasant surroundings, instead it adapts oneself. One of many plant senses that are crucial for tracking environment changes is mechanoreception. Plant senses and differentiates between many mechanical cues, some of them affecting plant immunity and morphogenesis. The whole plant cell reacts to mechanical cues and many cellular structures are involved in mechanoreception. Any change in cell wall - a borderline between the cell and it's surroundings - is transduced to plasma membrane, then to the cytoskeleton and potentially to other structures. Concept of this cell wall-plasma membrane-cytoskeleton continuum and it's use as an instrument to illuminate molecular mechanisms of mechanoreception in plants are the key topics of my thesis.
Mechanoreception in plants
Martinek, Jan ; Vosolsobě, Stanislav (advisor) ; Kulich, Ivan (referee)
Because of their sessile nature, plants are unable to change their location and thus they are forced to adapt as much as possible to the environment they grow in. Plants evolved the ability to sense many environmental cues, which enables them to perceive the conditions in their surroundings. One class of these stimuli are mechanical forces - from wind sways to contact with obstacles, herbivores or other plants - other mechanical stimuli are e.g. gravity or sound waves. Carnivorous or climbing plants have structures specialised for perception and rapid response to mechanical stimuli. Intriguingly, there is a less spectacular but maybe even more interesting and important response to mechanical perturbation in non-specialized plants. This thesis tries to summarize ubiquity of mechanoperception in plant kingdom and its adaptive importance for the plant life - from activation of traps, to morphological adaptation for growth at windy sites, tendril coiling in climbing plants and root navigation through obstacles in soil. In the following part, the thesis summarizes the recent knowledge of molecular processes accompanied with mechanoreception, signal transduction and integration, and response to mechanostimulation. In the last part I proppose a scheme of mechanosensing workflow from initial mechanical...

National Repository of Grey Literature : 51 records found   1 - 10nextend  jump to record:
See also: similar author names
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