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Nutritional status of patients with acute leukemia during the oncological treatment
Kupilíková, Veronika ; Šťastná-Marková, Markéta (advisor) ; Křížová, Jarmila (referee)
Acute leukemia is defined as a heterogeneous group of malignant hematopoietic stem cell disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which nutritional disorders occur in patients with acute leukemia during the cancer treatment, their severity, the most common causes of weight loss, and the extent to which different forms of nutritional intervention are applied in patients. The research was carried out in the Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, during the hospitalization of patients in the inpatient ward, intensive care unit and transplant unit. The study population consisted of 40 patients diagnosed with acute leukemia. Outcomes from nutritional status screening (MNA questionnaire, BMI, weight, mid arm circumference, calf circumference, BIA, biochemical nutritional parameters), and functional assessment (ECOG PS, Chair-stand test, Hand grip test) were used to process the practical part and answer the research questions. Measurements were performed twice with approximately one month intervals. The study confirmed weight loss since the onset of the disease in 95 % of patients. The dominant cause of weight loss was identified in 80 % as lack of appetite. Nutritional screening by MNA evaluated the patient population with a mean score of 22,8 ± 2,9, referring to the risk...
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Analysis of options for terrorist attacks using hazardous chemical substances
MARKOVÁ, Markéta
This diploma thesis is focused on issues of terrorist attacks using improvised explosive device made of precursors of explosives, whereas attention was paid especially peroxide and nitrate explosives. The main reason for choosing the chemicals was their frequent use in terrorist attacks in the European union. The aim of diploma thesis was evaluate practicability of terrorist attacks with improvised explosive devices made of precursors of explosives in state territory of the Czech republic. For objective evaluation the current situation data from Global Terrorist Index reports and Europol were used. In practical part of thesis the multi-criterion decision-making method, specifically weighted sum method was used and applied to selected chemicals. The application of the method reflected the interaction of key factors that affect the final choice of substance by the perpetrator. Among the mentioned key factors are availability of chemicals, accessibility and comprehensiveness of instructions, possible risks of handling of chemicals or the difficulty of initiating of selected explosives. Based on obtained results was created a list of suitable chemicals for production of improvised explosive devices. The results showed certain shortcomings in the area of security of precursors of explosives, consequence was proposing measures for improving security of mentioned chemicals. In spite of fact, that precursors of explosives do not represent so severe threat like abuse of chemicals, biologicals or radiological substances is necessary to concentrate on their security. The reason is considerable potential for misuse of explosives precursors due to their easy availability. The thesis provides a relatively comprehensive overview of the issue and is designated primarily for the professional public.
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Controversial Themes in Civics Lessons
Marková, Markéta ; Havlínová, Ivana (advisor) ; Jirásková, Věra (referee)
The topic of this thesis is "Controversial issues in classes of Civics." In the theoretical part I first deal with goals and contents of Civics subject from point of view of different curricular documents. I further address the definition and meaning of the words controversy and controversial. I determine basic conditions the issue has to meet to become controversial. In the third section I answer the following question: why it is important to discuss controversial issues at school. I present the answers from four different views - the view of the school, a pupil, curricular documents and a teacher. In practical section I deal with a concrete proposal how to elaborate controversial issues in Civics subject according to Educational Framing Program for Primary Schools. In charts I match relevant subject matter, its concrete application as a controversial issue, pupil's outcomes and key competences a pupil can develop. In the end I consider further subjects and cross-sectional matters relate to a given controversial issue. I follow with basic teaching methods a teacher may apply when dealing with controversial issues. These methods include - debate, discussion, project teaching. In the end I come to think about the relation of controversial issues to ethics and ethics behavior. I present the Ethical education...
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The possibilities of palliative care of adults in the district of Pribram and its continuity
Marková, Markéta ; Línková, Šárka (advisor) ; Otcová, Václava (referee)
In my thesis we were focusing on providing palliative care to adults in the district area of Pribram. The main goal was to map out real possibilities of palliative care and its availability and continuity for patients in the designated area. The main question of the research was: "What are the possibilities, availability and continuity of palliative care to adult patients in the area of Pribram?" As a secondary goal we wanted to find out the amount and process of using palliative care with selected general practitioners in the area. Additional question we asked was: "Is specialized palliative care in the district area available to all who need it?" Both our questions were answered and goals completed. To elaborate the topic we chose qualitative research using the method of grounded theory. After processing the theoretical part and creating semi-structured interviews, we addressed a total of 16 participants from three areas - general practitioners from the district, paramedics and all organizations in the district area that are offering specialized palliative care to adult patients. Due to the long lasting COVID 19 pandemic, in the end there were only 7 participants: 2 paramedics, 2 general practitioners and 3 head nurses from the organizations providing specialized palliative care. Where possible,...
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Nutritional problems in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic transplantation of hematopoietic cells
Michková, Petra ; Šťastná-Marková, Markéta (advisor) ; Novák, František (referee)
Introduction: Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a serious medical complication following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo HSCT). It causes immunodeficiency and several organ damage and decreases survival time at two years after a transplantation. A nutritional intervention should be applied just before the transplantation, because a nutritional status significantly influences the post-transplant complications. A risk of malnutrition or metabolic syndrome can be assessed by several markers. A combination of laboratory, anthropometric, biometric and physical data is suitable for this purpose. In addition, a subjective questionnaire regarding eating habits and physical activity of the patients can be used. Objectives: This thesis deals with the patients with chronic GVHD (cGVHD) following the allo HSCT. The objective was to describe a nutritional status of the patients, to find out in which way a long-term immunosuppressive treatment affects a body composition and to describe the eating habits and the physical activity of these patients. Methods: 31 patients with GVHD and 24 patients after allo HSCT without GVHD participated in the research. A body composition (using bioelectrical impedance) and selected laboratory parameters in patients were assessed. A subjective health...
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Selected hazardous chemical substances and their misuse
MARKOVÁ, Markéta
This bachelor thesis is focused on issues of abusing of hazardous chemicals to the mass threat to the population. In the theoretical part the issue of terrorism was analyzed taking into account the current development trend in this area - vehicle-ramming attacks. Furthermore, the area of transportation of dangerous substances is outlined along with the selected legislation and the characteristic of selected chemical substances. In the practical part, a list of dangerous chemcials has been compiled, which were subsequently evaluated by the method of significant valuation of individual criteria. The criteria were selected with regard to possible consequences of a terrerist attack or a chemical accident. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to evaluate the possibility of misuse of dangerous industrial substances to the mass threat of the population. Based on obtained results we can say that the execution of the attack is real. This is due to the low availability of substances by reason of transport of substantial amount of chemicals, the low financial cost of the attack and the minimum requirements for attacker´s expertise. The thesis offers a relatively comprehensive view of the issue.
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Controversial Themes in Civics Lessons
Marková, Markéta ; Havlínová, Ivana (advisor) ; Jirásková, Věra (referee)
The topic of this thesis is "Controversial issues in classes of Civics." In the theoretical part I first deal with goals and contents of Civics subject from point of view of different curricular documents. I further address the definition and meaning of the words controversy and controversial. I determine basic conditions the issue has to meet to become controversial. In the third section I answer the following question: why it is important to discuss controversial issues at school. I present the answers from four different views - the view of the school, a pupil, curricular documents and a teacher. In practical section I deal with a concrete proposal how to elaborate controversial issues in Civics subject according to Educational Framing Program for Primary Schools. In charts I match relevant subject matter, its concrete application as a controversial issue, pupil's outcomes and key competences a pupil can develop. In the end I consider further subjects and cross-sectional matters relate to a given controversial issue. I follow with basic teaching methods a teacher may apply when dealing with controversial issues. These methods include - debate, discussion, project teaching. In the end I come to think about the relation of controversial issues to ethics and ethics behavior. I present the Ethical education...
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Analysis of criminality in regions of the Czech Republic
Marková, Markéta ; Procházka, Jiří (advisor) ; Bílková, Diana (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of criminality in regions of the Czech Republic. Data related to the issue was obtained from the mapakriminality.cz web site maintained by the Czech Police. The thesis is divided into 3 chapters. The first chapter focuses on the general introduction to the concept of criminality. The second chapter defines three regions which, according to the results of the investigation, should be more prone to commit offenses. The third chapter contains the used time series methodology applied in the other three subchapters, which deal with the detailed analysis of three subjectively selected offenses. The aim is to obtain basic information of criminality in the form of selected offenses, to identify problematic regions and to create predictions of criminality in individual regions for the year 2017.
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Borders and their delineating in medieval Central Europe
Marková, Markéta ; Bláhová, Marie (advisor) ; Žemlička, Josef (referee) ; Lukačka, Ján (referee)
This doctoral thesis deals with the border as a geographical phenomenon in medieval Central Europe. It seeks to answer questions about what is a border, why and how it was created and how its understanding has developed. It deals with ways of delineating an area, boundary signs and rituals. It also explores the course and the concept of borders especially in Central Europe in the Middle Ages but also takes into account the situation of the both earlier and younger periods. It pays attention to the land border of Bohemia and Moravia but also to the borders within the Czech Lands in comparison with similar examples from Central Europe. The work is based on an evaluation of written and material sources concerning the border and combines methods and practices of multiple disciplines: it is based on the results of studies in archaeology, legal history, settlement history, historical geography, general history and auxiliary historical sciences.
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