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Kierkegaard and Ecclesiastes: The Relationship between Knowledge and Grief
Janoušková, Anna ; Marek, Jakub (advisor) ; Kružík, Josef (referee)
The presented philosophical-anthropological interpretation seeks to examine the phenomenon of "the image of humanity" (the becoming of Self) and consequently to study the human condition defined as "man longing for knowledge", all from a Christian perspective. After a thorough overview of the development of the Skeptical tradition in the history of philosophy, the two subjects of study will be interpreted, phenomenologically and exegetically, based on various texts from the Danish existencialist Søren Kierkegaard and the Old Testament book Ecclesiastes. The following comparison will enable us to see the parallel between knowledge and doubt in both of the authors' works. We shall come to a conclusion that there is an exponential relationship between knowledge and doubt: the more knowledge there is, the more doubt arises. During this interpretation, the aim will also be to trace the origin of doubt, while using the story of creation from the book of Genesis as the foundation for our study. Doubt, as we shall notice, entered the world accompanied by sin (in the form of consciousness) after Adam and Eve ate from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. This moment was crucial, for man committed a qualitative leap from innocence to the state of sin. Therefore, man is situated in between two extremes...
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Human being and a movement: Status of the movements of human existence in the thinking of Jan Patočka
Nováková, Alžběta ; Marek, Jakub (advisor) ; Pětová, Marie (referee)
The work is focused on the evolution of Patočka's conception of movements of the human existence throughout his thoughts. My aim is to show sources of this conception, its explicite expressions and their structure and finally the meaning of this conception for the human life and its status in Patočka's whole-life philosophical project, all this by the analysis of three metodologically defined periods of Patočka's work. The inevitable past of this kind of rethinking of Patočka's conception is dealing with the question of succesion of his two great teachers, Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger,and showing, that his conception of movements of the human existence can't be explained simply from the polarity of uncritical bulilding on them, neither the complete refusing them. Also I would like to show the conceptional kinship with other thinkers of western philosophical tradition, whose selection is selective, but in my opinion meaningful. I also hope, that this rethinking of the conception of movements of the human existance will show the place, which belongs to Patočka's thougt in the western philosophical tradition and, first of all, it's meaning for human life. Key words Phenomenology, movement, existence, philosophy of history, authenticity
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Czech Toponyms in the Perspective of Cognitive Ethnolinguistics
Marek, Jakub ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Štěpán, Pavel (referee)
This thesis deals with linguistic stereotypes of cities. Therefore, the object of our interest is onomastic material (oikonyms, ie. own settlement names), which, however, is viewed from the perspective of cognitively and culturally oriented linguistics. The main theory, which the thesis is based on, is J. Bartmiński's theory of stereotype (incl. the so-called. profiling). We have dealt with the names of three Czech cities that currently belong to the administrative unit of the Vysočina Region: Jihlava, Pelhřimov, Pacov. Following the methodology of Polish authors of J. Bartmiński's scope we have analyzed each of them in terms of three areas: language data, text data and empirical data. We found out concrete connotations of these names in Czech language, and on the basis of these findings of ours we have formulated their stereotypes. Besides the formulation of the three selected specific stereotypes, this thesis also presents some general observations about stereotypes of cities. It is esp. a case of a proposal the profiles (ie. general aspects, which are usually used in the process of profiling a stereotype), with which you can work in research on stereotypes of cities in general. Furthermore, this thesis elaborates the methodology of analyzing text data, which should be in the centre of attention...
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To the Philosophical Relation of Compassion and Liberty
Sváčková, Kateřina ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Marek, Jakub (referee)
This thesis deals with two phenomena, compassion and freedom, specifically the concept in the philosophy of A. Schopenhauer and J.-J. Rousseau. We believe that these two themes are essential points of the two philosophical systems. Despite the different contexts, concepts and definitions of the terms, compassion for both philosophers represents a kind of positive ability of human beings (counterweight of the necessary present egoism) from which social virtues and interpersonal relationships arise. Freedom in its largest scale is then the objective of every human being, whether the concept of freedom means anything: positive (possibility of arbitrariness in its natural state, the relative freedom of action) or negative definition of freedom (absence of causality or any form of dependence). The primary objective of this thesis is to outline the possible relations between the two phenomena. It seems that the ability of compassion may potentially be limiting certain forms of human freedom, though such a form of freedom may turn out to be insufficient. It turns out, however, that by using the ability of compassion it is possible to reach the most desirable and liberating freedom.
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