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Early diagnostic of cognitive disorders in neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease
Magerová, Hana ; Bojar, Martin (advisor) ; Jirák, Roman (referee) ; Mareš, Jan (referee)
The ageing of population leads to increase prevalence of dementias that are becoming a serious socio economic problem. Early initiation of treatment resulting from early diagnosis may delay the loss of self- sufficiency. These cause a growing effort for finding an early marker of these diseases that allows making diagnosis before developing dementia. The attention is focused mainly to Alzheimer's disease (AD) that represents the most common type of dementia and is the most affected by currently available drugs. The aim is to enable to diagnose AD already at the stage of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) that represents a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia. The olfactory impairment was considered to be a possible marker of AD as there is evidence that it occurs in very early stages of AD and its severity correlates with the disease progression. On the other hand, very poor data are available on olfactory functioning in other types of dementias. The neurodegenerative process starting in mesial temporal structures also suggests that AD patients may have an early spatial navigation impairment (especially in allocentric navigation) as well as facial emotion recognition impairment as the mesial temporal structures are crucial for these functions. These topics are presented in the submitted thesis....
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Vascular Calcification and Bone Demineralization in Patiens with Chronic Renal Failure
Mareš, Jan ; Opatrná, Sylvie (advisor) ; Topolčan, Ondřej (referee) ; Spustová, Viera (referee) ; Štěpán, Jan (referee)
Background: Patients treated with chronic dialysis show extreme mortality, particularly due to cardiovascular disease. Renal failure is associated with different risk factors of cardiovascular complications than those defined for non-renal population. One of these factors, currently considered most important, are vascular calcifications. At the same time, patients on dialysis regularly suffer from derrangements of calcium-phosphate metabolism, including skeletal demineralization. As a consequence, both incidence and prevalence of bone fractures are high. Aims: This study therefore investigates vascular calcifications and skeletal demineralization, their clinical implications and associations in patients treated with long-term dialysis. Methods: Two groups of patients were examined in a prospective manner (follow-up > 1 year); 32 patients treated with peritoneal dialysis and 72 treated with regular hemdodialysis. Treatment parameters and biochemical markers of calcium-phosphate metabolism were monitored throughout the study. Bone mineral density of lumbar spine (together with vertebral fractures) as well as coronary artery, valvular and aortic calcifcations were determined repeatedly. All radiological parameters were measured during one computed-tomography scanning session. Results: A significant...
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Functional cognitive mapping of temporopolar regions in temporal lobe epilepsy patiens
Amlerová, Jana ; Marusič, Petr (advisor) ; Mareš, Jan (referee) ; Klement, Daniel (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to summarize basic knowledge and bring some new data about the temporal pole function in temporal lobe epilepsy patients focusing on the less explored domains -famous face identification, emotion recognition, social cognition and spatial navigation. These functions are not routinely tested in standard neuropsychological assessment however the impairment of these functions may lead to severe dysfunctions in everyday life of the temporal lobe epilepsy patients. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The Human Nature and Natural Morality in Francis Fukuyama
Mareš, Jan ; Halama, Jindřich (advisor) ; Hošek, Pavel (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on a survey of concepts of human nature at the end of 20th century, specifically in the works of Francis Fukuyama. The introductory part descibes general contemporary situation and background. The main part deals with the formation of different natural aspects of human behavior from the perspective of sociobiology such as cooperation, intelligernce, language and morality the way F. Fukuyama interpretes them. It tries to expound how these aspects were formed during the long evolutionary development. Understanding these mechanisms should help us comprehend why there are natural tendencies to bahave the way we do. It also searches boundaries between human nature and cultural environment. The final part answers some key questions this topic evokes. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Early diagnostic of mnestic disorders in neurodegenerative diseases
Laczó, Jan ; Bojar, Martin (advisor) ; Jirák, Roman (referee) ; Mareš, Jan (referee) ; Rektorová, Irena (referee)
The ageing of the world's population means that the number of people with dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD), will dramatically increase. That's why there is now a great effort to detect the presence of AD in its earliest predementia stages, in the stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and particularly to identify individuals with amnestic syndrome of the hippocampal type (Ha-MCI - preclinical AD). The aim of our studies was to reveal whether spatial navigation testing could serve as an early biomarker of AD - whether spatial navigation is impaired early in patients with MCI, especially in Ha-MCI patients. We used the human analogue of the Morris water maze, the Hidden Goal Task (HGT), which is designed t! o separate two different modes of navigation, egocentric (body- centred, hippocampus independent) and allocentric (world-centred, hippocampus dependent), using a real space navigation setting called the Blue Velvet Arena (BVA), fully enclosed cylindrical arena, as well as a computer version of the BVA. Our results suggest that spatial navigation is impaired already in patients with amnestic MCI, who are more likely to progress to AD, especially in those with amnestic syndrome of the hippocampal type. The Ha-MCI patients presented severe spatial navigation impairment similar to that seen in...
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The History of the Guild Crafts in a Town Krupka
Flaková, Nikola ; Ebelová, Ivana (advisor) ; Mareš, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis entitled "The history of guild crafts in a town Krupka" aims to bring the origin, development and functioning of craft guilds which operated in the town Krupka. The main aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze the content of guild orders, guild books and file material from different perspectives, which are described in detail in the chapters, in which the work is divided. The chapter sources and literature reflects the important archival sources related to guilds in a general scale for the territory of Krupka and the chapter also informs about the basic issued publications, that are thematically bind to the guild organizations, their development and functioning. The following section outlines the administrative development in the town Krupka. At the core is the chapter dealing with the guild craft in Krupka from different angles and perspectives. The annexes attached to this thesis is complemented with information referred to in the text of the work, and are composed mainly of namespaces of craftsmen.
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Diversity of the Micrasterias papillifera / M. radiosa (Desmidiales) species complex
Trumhová, Kateřina ; Šťastný, Jan (advisor) ; Mareš, Jan (referee)
This Master's thesis deals with diversity within the Micrasterias papillifera/ M. radiosa (Desmidiales) species complex. Both species are inhabitants of endangered biotops, like peat-bogs and, like other desmids, are used for biomonitoring. Many described varieties for both of them can be found in taxonomic literature, but their morphology is overlapping and revision of this species complex seemed to be necessary. All strains were isolated from peat-bogs and lakes across Europe and my dataset was properly completed by strains from algal collections. Results of phylogenetic analysis of sequences for ITS and psaA showed, that the real intraspecific diversity of Micrasterias papillifera Brébisson ex Ralfs was overestimated. Although I could find a little intraspecific diversity within the ‚papillifera' lineage in the phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequences, it did not correspond with a morphology of isolates. M. papillifera possess unexpected morphological plasticity and also some isolates designated as Micrasterias radiosa Ralfs were present in this lineage. On the contrary, there were only a few isolates in the lineage ‚radiosa'. This species seems to be relatively rare and probably has limited distribution. Both species are morphologically well delimited from each other on the basis of several characters...
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