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Effect of strength training on posture in triathletes aged 30-45 years
Marková, Kristýna ; Jebavý, Radim (advisor) ; Krupková, Dominika (referee)
Title: Effect of strength training on posture in triathletes aged 30-45 years Objectives: To examine the effect of incorporating strength-endurance training on posture in triathletes aged 30-45 years. Methods: Effect of strength-endurance training 2-3 times a week for 6 weeks on posture in triathletes. Thirteen amateur triathletes (3 women, 10 men) were selected for the research. After the input testing, the triathletes were randomly divided into groups ES 1 (n=8) and KS 1 (n=6). This was followed by a 6-week intervention programme for ES 1 that added 2-3 training units per week to their normal training activities. During this period, KS 1 was only allowed to do their normal training activities (no strength training). After the control testing, the groups were switched and KS 1 became ES 2 and 6-week intervention programme started for this group. During this period, ES 1 continued with normal training activities but was not to allowed to continues with strength training. The research was completed with output testing ES 2 and ES 1. For the assessment of posture in triathletes a set of tests was used which consisted of Body posture assessment by Jaroš and Lomíček, selected DNS (dynamic neuromuscular stabilization) tests by Kolář, selected tests of hypermobility and movement stereotypes by Janda....
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The Development of African-American Rights in the United States
Marková, Kristýna ; Maderová, Blanka (advisor) ; Roraback, Erik Sherman (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the development of fight for civil rights in the United States with particular focus on the movement Black Lives Matter. Furthermore, it focuses on the feminist aspect of activist movements, and explores the neglect women are usually forced to deal with when it comes to this particular social issue. In specific examples, I show how women are often overlooked when it comes to cases of police brutality and basic human rights. Using the enlightening literature by Ta-Nehisi Coates, Toni Morrison and Leila Mottley, but also important works by activists and scholars such as Robin DiAngelo, bell hooks, Mikki Kendall, and Angela Y. Davis, I attempt to demonstrate the depth of this particular problematics, and the importance of understanding it, in order to eradicate police brutality and systemic racism. This thesis will consist of four chapters: in the first chapter I take a look at the history of development of civil rights and what preceded, and also influenced the Black Lives Matter movement. The second chapter then focuses on Black Lives Matter itself, how it came to be and how it evolved from a simple hashtag into the world-known movement it is today. The third chapter focuses on the main theme of the Black Lives Matter movement, which is police brutality and the...
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Development of children's communication skills as a part of school maturity and readiness during COVID-19 pandemic
Marková, Kristýna ; Klenková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Horynová, Jana (referee)
This thesis addresses preschool education in the COVID-19 pandemic from a speech therapy perspective. The aim was to determine whether the pandemic affects the development of communication skills in children's school maturity and readiness. For the research, a quantitative method was used. A sample of 50 respondents from kindergartens in the Vysočina region completed a self-administered questionnaire to provide data for this work. The research sample was teachers of children with compulsory school attendance. The research found that the number of deferrals of compulsory school attendance is higher in the school year 2020/2021 than in previous years. The root causes cited by the respondents were psychological immaturity, including impaired communication skills. It was also found that for more than half of the respondents, children in the classroom have the same difficulties in communication skills as in previous years, yet 92% of teachers admitted that the educational objectives in the field of communication, according to the Framework Education Programme for Preschool Education, were not met in the 2020/2021 school year. According to the respondents, children most often had difficulties pronouncing the L, R, and Ř syllables, spontaneous narration according to a picture, the formation of sentences,...
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Refractive index gradient in the cubozoan eye: specific gene expression analysis
Marková, Kristýna
1. Abstract Refractive index gradient in the cubozoan eye: specific gene expression analysis Lenses are spread through animal kingdom as an improvement of different eye types. Despite conservation of some key regulators and shared use of photopigment opsin, eyes and their lenses develop by variable mechanisms impeaching their monophyletic origin. Tripedalia cystophora (T. c), a cubozoan jellyfish, is an emerging new model for studying eye evolution. The presence of advanced lens-containing eyes (firstly incident within metazoans in this phylum of Cnidaria), the two types of lesser eyes, the use of pax gene and vertebrate type of phototransduction cascade for eye establishment make this jellyfish an useful tool for comparing eye development and different evolutionary strategies. We focused on the lenses of T.c. and studied formation of their refractive index gradient to reveal its mechanism. Using new antibodies raised against J1 and J2 crystallins (proteins of the T. c. lens), TEM and histology we found that graded refractive index is of protein origin and formed by unequal accumulation of proteins (particularly J1 and J2 crystallins) in different layers of the lens. We have shown that J1 crystallin occurs also in the lesser eyes (ocelli) suggesting how the lens mass can evolved. The synthesis of J2...
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Evolutionary and embryonic formation of the prechordal part of vertebrate head
Marková, Kristýna ; Černý, Robert (advisor) ; Hovořáková, Mária (referee)
Rostral or the prechordal part of the vertebrate head is one of the key features that distinguishes us from other chordates. A part of this so-called New head is also a prechordal plate, also known as the prechordal or premandibular mesoderm, axial mesoderm or ventral cranial mesoderm. This most rostral population of the mesendoderm should develop from the anterior end of the notochord. It forms the head mesenchyme, and later contributes to the so-called head cavities and ocular muscles. In this work, I analyze the earliest development of the prechordal plate in sturgeon, gar and bichir, in which the endodermal preoral gut has recently been described as the most rostral head structure. Using histological techniques, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization, developmental relationship of the prechordal plate and preoral gut has been analyzed. and In the rostral part of the forming head, it is the preoral gut as clearly defined endodermal epithelium, that appears first. The mesenchymal population of the prechordal plate arises only later, and has dual embryonic origin. Its posterior part takes its origin from the anterior end of the notochord, wheras its anterior part develops from the preoral gut around the rostral end of the brain. The prechordal plate later expands to the lateral region near...
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The prechordal plate during embryogenesis of the vertebrate head
Marková, Kristýna ; Černý, Robert (advisor) ; Soukup, Vladimír (referee)
The prechordal plate is generally described as a population of axial mesendodermal cells that is formed during early embryonic development, in the rostral- most area of the vertebrate head. The population of the prechordal plate cells is specific for vertebrate, and evolution of the vertebrate head was one of the key steps during vertebrate evolution. During vertebrate embryogenesis, the prechordal plate cells are pushed by the growth of the forebrain, until only some small population remains in front of the notochord, which later differentiate into mesodermal cells. The precise morphogenesis of this prechordal mesoderm, differs across vertebrates, but in most vertebrates produces a pair of head cavities, which are called premandibular. Within the organogenesis of vertebrates, extrinsic eye muscles are formed from these mesodermal cells and cavities. The prechordal plate, however is also referred to as one of the important centers that control the formation of the vertebrate head during early embryogenesis, since its removal or inhibition of important signals caused various disorders and embryonic dead. This thesis aims to summarize the information on the formation and function of the prechordal plate cells during vertebrate embryogenesis. Key words: prechordal plate; prechordal mesoderm; head...
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Refractive index gradient in the cubozoan eye: specific gene expression analysis
Marková, Kristýna
1. Abstract Refractive index gradient in the cubozoan eye: specific gene expression analysis Lenses are spread through animal kingdom as an improvement of different eye types. Despite conservation of some key regulators and shared use of photopigment opsin, eyes and their lenses develop by variable mechanisms impeaching their monophyletic origin. Tripedalia cystophora (T. c), a cubozoan jellyfish, is an emerging new model for studying eye evolution. The presence of advanced lens-containing eyes (firstly incident within metazoans in this phylum of Cnidaria), the two types of lesser eyes, the use of pax gene and vertebrate type of phototransduction cascade for eye establishment make this jellyfish an useful tool for comparing eye development and different evolutionary strategies. We focused on the lenses of T.c. and studied formation of their refractive index gradient to reveal its mechanism. Using new antibodies raised against J1 and J2 crystallins (proteins of the T. c. lens), TEM and histology we found that graded refractive index is of protein origin and formed by unequal accumulation of proteins (particularly J1 and J2 crystallins) in different layers of the lens. We have shown that J1 crystallin occurs also in the lesser eyes (ocelli) suggesting how the lens mass can evolved. The synthesis of J2...
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The Consumer dispute resolution
Marková, Kristýna ; Švarc, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Hásová, Jiřina (referee)
The thesis deals with the consumer dispute and ways how to resolve it. The main aim of this thesis is to analyze and evaluate if disadvantages of court proceeding in the Czech republic still overweight its advantages, and thus whether the topic of alternative disputes resolution of consumer disputes is actual, then to give an overview and evaluation of alternative disputes resolution for consumer dispute which the Czech republic offers in the context of Community Law of the European Union, and finally to outline the development of future initiatives in this area.
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Biologically active substances contained in tea, coffee and cocoa
Marková, Kristýna ; Hejtmánková, Alena (advisor) ; Jadrná, Petra (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the effects and chemical structures of selected biologically active substances contained in tea, coffee, and cocoa. The tea plant (Camellia) belongs to the family Theaceae. Several varieties are cultivated, but all of them are referred to as the Camellia sinensisvariety. The main products of the tea plant are leaves from which tea is produced. Catechins (8 - 18 %) are the most meaningful substances in tea, they belong to the group of polyphenolic substances, which have strong antioxidant properties.
The coffee plant (Coffea) belongs to the family Rubiaceae. The most significant varieties from this family are Coffeaarabica and Coffearobusta; their beans are used for the production of coffee. Coffee is a sought-after stimulating beverage. Caffeine (0.7 - 2.5 %) is the most important substance, it is included in the group of alkaloids. Itis a central nervous system stimulant, affecting the heart beat and the cardiovascular system.
The cocoa tree (Theobroma) belongs to the family Sterculiaceae. A significant representative of this family is Theobroma cacao and its groups Criollo, Forastero, and Trinitario. Cocoa is particularly rich in flavonoids (20 %) which also belong to the group of polyphenolic substances. They are strong antioxidants; in adequate quantity, they have positive effects on health.
Tea, coffee, and cocoa also contain vitamins and minerals. In the organism, they may form part of a structure of somatic cells and enzymes, some of them are activators of enzymes, and they also act as molecule transporters in metabolic reactions. Vitamin C and vitamin E are most frequently present; minerals potassium and phosphorus have the highest content in these stimulating products.
The total concentration of biologically active substances is primarily affected by the family of the relevant type and form of processing. Raw materials that have not undergone fermentation or roasting contain more biologically active substances than those that have been treated.
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