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Circulation types and flux of moisture in the Czech Republic
Benco, Milan ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kakos, Vilibald (referee)
The dissertation deals with the flux of moisture in atmosphere, and classification of circulation patterns written by the team of ČHMÚ in the territory of the Czech Republic. ERA - 40 re - analysis data are used for the moisture flow assessment. We examine the time period between September 1957 - August 2002. The flux of moisture is evaluated on four isobaric levels 300, 500, 700, 850hPa in grid point (coordinates 15 east longitude, 50 north latitude). The results confirm dominant West circulation in the territory of the Czech Republic. Western types synoptic situations dominate, by the extreme flux of moisture. In annual run of moisture, we can observe the late minimum and maximum onset. This is caused by the influence of Atlantic Ocean. Analysis of variance is used to prove the bilateral relationship between Classifications of circulation patterns. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The actual stage of the issue of the climate classification
Minářová, Jana ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Huth, Radan (referee)
The aim of this work is to create an overview of current climate classifications and to demonstrate the dependence of these classifications on the type of dataset and on the studied period. In the first part resulting from the available information in the literature the standard division of climate classifications into effective and genetic has been kept. Nevertheless, the first outnumber branch has been divided further into four groups according to their main characters: classifications (i) thermic, (ii) determined by vegetation, meteorological and climatic elements, (iii) delimited by marginal values of created indexes and (iv) based on symbols of landscape. In the second part the influence of selected data (station vs. gridded) on the resulting representation of climate classification is demonstrated using the comparative method. On the basis of station data accessible online for the Czech Republic and Germany supplemented for earlier periods by material from printed publications, the dependence of the studied period on the final output of climate classification is demonstrated. In most cases, there was a change of "Dfb" - (cold climate without dry season with warm summer) - on "Cfb" - (temperate climate without dry season with warm summer). The complexity of the issue of creating climate classifications...
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Short-term intensities of strong precipitation at the Milšeovka Mt.
Kakalejčík, Matej ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Minářová, Jana (referee)
Source of intense short term precipitation in mid latitudes are deep moist convection or frontal rainbands. Intensity and precipitation rate are strongly dependent on size and speed of precipitation system. If the axis of linear precipitation system is parallel to the vector movement, or if the new cell in multicelar systems are developing on the same place, very high intense precipitation occurs. This is called quazistacionary of precipitation system. Quazistacionary can give rise to extreme precipitation amounts which may cause flash floods. Intensity of precipitation can be measured either by automatic rain gauges or meteorological radars. This thesis is concerned with the tipping-bucket rain gauge. The analysed data between years 1998 and 2012 were collected from meteorological station Milešovka. Based on the results from warm part of the year (April - October), short term intense precipitation are most intense in July, while the total maximums of rainfall intensity are mostly occurring in May. This is probably the result of annual course of air instability which in continental Europe is considered to be in May. Regarding 24 h precipitation amounts, small intensities have bigger portion on total 24 h precipitation amount. Keywords: precipitation intensity, deep moist convection, frontal...
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Moisture fluxes and precipitation in Europe
Lemarie, Petr ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Šmídová, Jana (referee)
The present thesis deals with the influnence of moisture flux and variables, it is derived from, on rainfall in Europe. Sources of this thesis are the NCAR/NCEP and the ERA-40 reanalysis and the GPCC and the ECA&D rainfall databases. A western moisture flux prevails on studied 850 hPa isobaric level, it reaches the highest intensities over the Atlantic around 55th parallel of latitude. There is the highest correlation between moisture flux magnitude and monthly rainfall in winter on the western coast of Europe and it decreases in summer and eastwards. The correlation is very weak or none in some parts of Europe, especially in the eastern Mediterranean. Extremely wet months are related with different intensive moisture flux directions in different parts of Europe, for example there is the highest correlation of monthly rainfall with the northern moisture flux in the Czech Republic. Several selected heavy precipitation episodes in Europe are presented in this thesis - during them the moisture flux anomaly is observed, but it differs in orientation and intensity. A high wind speed causes this anomaly more frequently than a humidity. This does not apply to every event, furher research is needed to draw general patterns of moisture flux during high precipitation events.
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Determination of flux of moisture magnitude and direction by wind and moisture characteristics
Lemarie, Petr ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Pop, Lukáš (referee)
Determination of flux of moisture magnitude and direction by wind and moisture characteristics Abstract This thesis deals with determination of moisture flux magnitude and direction by wind and moisture characteristics. A source of this thesis is the ERA-40 reanalysis, a service area is Europe and adjoining part of the Atlantic ocean. There are used data from four selected preasure levels from period since September 1957 to August 2002. A standardized share of wind speed and specific humidity is created for research of the influence of these values on specific moisture flux magnitude and a regional distribution, a vertical distribution and an annual run of the influence of values is researched on its base. The influence of wind speed on moisture flux magnitude increases with rising latitude and altitude. The influence of wind speed is also higher in winter than in summer. A difference in standardized share between winter and summer increases with rising distance from an ocean. Keywords: moisture flux, wind direction, wind speed, specific humidity, ERA-40 re-analysis, Euroatlantic area
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Mountain lee waves in Czechia
Kloubová, Martina ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kerum, Jacek (referee)
Mountain lee waves in Czechia Abstract This thesis has predominantly a search character. It summarizes the most important theoretical and practical findings about mountain lee waves, available in both Czech and foreign resources. It also discusses another phenomena and types of air flow related to the air layer's flow over a barrier. In a special chapter there is an introduction into the use of mountain lee waves for gliding. Another part of the thesis analyzes in detail Czech areas, where the lee waves can occur, and there are also mentioned the conditions of their occurence in those areas. Jeseníky mountains by southwest winds are the most sought after area, because it's possible to achieve a long distance and significant elevation difference when gliding there, in addition to ability of flying in levels normally restricted. The last part of the thesis discusses the possibilities of lee waves forecasting, with a demonstration on a specific model, linked by a data record of a flight. Currently, the main wave-forecasting instrument is the numerical model WRF, which predicted rising areas in the considerated case correctly, regardless the horizontal resolution 1 or 2 km. Keywords: lee waves, orographic clouds, lee, atmospheric turbulence, rotor, gliding.
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Spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in the Vosges mountain range area
Minářová, Jana ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Šmídová, Jana (referee)
Spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in the Vosges mountain range area Abstract The aim of this work is to study the climatology of atmospheric precipitation in the studied area situated in the Northeastern France. Factors, e.g. the global circulation of the atmosphere, that influence the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in the mid-latitudes, especially in Western Europe and in mountainous regions, are discussed from the macro- to micro- scale in the first part. The term "ombric continentality" is clarified and a description of the physical geography of the studied area is performed, e.g. upward and windward asymmetry of Vosges slopes and contrasts between the mountain range and the Upper Rhine Plain. Secondly a demonstration is made that the Vosges mountain range affects, due to its position, the spatio-temporal distribution of precipitation at a regional scale. This is carried out by computing the daily rainfall on 14 meteorological stations out of the period 1951-2011. Three categories of stations were determined according to their annual precipitation repartition: (i) mountain stations with the winter precipitation maximum, (ii) leeward slope stations with two precipitation maxima, i.e. in winter and summer and (iii) leeward stations located in the Upper Rhine Plain East...
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