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La Malinche
Portychová, Michaela ; Kostičová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Lyčka, Milan (referee)
Bordering between religious studies and history, this thesis devotes to la Malinche, who was a Native Mexican woman who lived during the conquest of America. She was a translator of Cortés's troops and as such participated in the subjugation of the Aztec empire. In present day Mexico, the figure of la Malinche became a powerful symbol with clear religious connotations. This paper explores the beginnings of her legend, critically reviewing available primary sources with regards to their historical accuracy and thoroughly searching them for deeper mythological meanings and structures. These comprise of two main categories: European and Aztec. As for the European sources, the thesis thoroughly explores the development of la Malinche's story and its re-telling as an independent myth in the works of European chroniclers. Subsequently, the story is shown as closely resembling Joseph Campbell's hero monomyth. Regarding la Malinche's image in Aztec sources, her different appearances intertwine with certain motifs from the original Aztec religion. These primary versions of her story strongly influenced the current version of la Malinche's personality and image. The paper concludes that la Malinche was never purely a historic figure. In her case, it is impossible to separate clearly myth from fact, as her...
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Social Construction of Reality and the Future of Religions in Postmodern Europe
Davidov, Tomáš ; Halík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lyčka, Milan (referee)
In this thesis, aimed on social construction of reality, I will be mainly concentrate, besides clasical sociological pieces, on thoughts of American philosopher - Richard Rorty. For this reason, the first part will be dedicated to his most well-known works, in which the so-called turn from objectivity to solidarty, to the several influences that caused this process and to the conclusions that end in liberal irony. Especially those postmodern conclusions i would like to re-think and try to apply in the second part of this thesis on the nowadays religiosity in Europe, with emphasis on option of inter-religious dialogue between islam and the West.
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Arabic triad: al-Lāt, Manāt,'Uzzā and its Reflection in Islam
Elkarne, Zdislava ; Antalík, Dalibor (advisor) ; Lyčka, Milan (referee)
The presented paper deals with al-Lāt, Manāt a ˁUzzā, the three goddesses of the ancient south-western Semitic tribes inhabiting the Arabian peninsula and some territories of today's Jordan, Iraq and Syria. In the first part it goes out from the Qur'anic verses regarding the goddesses and it pursues the further Islamic reaction. It analyses the Islamic works of different literary genres ant it attempts to show the dynamics of the changing general view of the goddesses, and the Pre-Islamic period either. In the second part it deals with the pre- Islamic sources particularly the epigraphic ones and the historical treatises of the Hellenistic and Early-Islamic authors aiming to characterise the nature of the goddesses as much precise as possible. It presents the etymological interpretation of goddesses' names, it reconstructs their possible qualification and characterizes their cult. The paper draws a conclusion about the importance of the goddesses which is shown on the extension of their cult, the Qur'anic mention and the presence in the Islamic literature. Key words: Al-Lāt, Manāt, ˁUzzā, ancient Arabia, satanic verses
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M. Buber and G. Scholem: two perspectives on Eastern European Hasidism
Širl, Radim ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Halík, Tomáš (referee)
M. Buber and G. Scholem: two perspectives on Eastern European Hasidism Abstract: East European Hasidism is a religious movement in Judaism arising in the first half of the eighteenth century. The aim of this bachelor's degree thesis is to compare two approaches toward this phenomenon: the approaches of Martin Buber and Gershom Scholem. The goal is not to provide detailed description of all the aspects of their study but to find some kind of core of their perspectives and to present them as essentially different. Buber's perspective can be defined as non-historic due to its status between religion and philosophy and because the trace of the author in the whole interpretation is very deep. Scholem's perspective is by contrast defined as historic for it draws its conclusions from the non-selective study of source texts and historical context; it is also a scientific approach. The last part of this essay deals with motivations of both authors and strives to propose some apology of Buber's approach. Key words: East European Hasidism, Martin Buber, Gershom Scholem
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Reflection of the Figure of Judas Iscariot in Uwe Saeger's Novel Die gehäutete Zeit
Studničková, Kateřina ; Halík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lyčka, Milan (referee)
(in English): The figure of Judas Iscariot is one of the most controversial ones in Christianity and Christian reception. Traditionally Judas used to be synonymous for the ultimate sinner, who would not deserve any compassion at all. He was first and foremost conceived as the traitor of Jesus and was judged and damned accordingly. In every period he attracted attention, was commentated upon and interpreted anew. The paper at hand deals with one of the latest interpretations of Judas: Uwe Saeger's novel Die gehäutete Zeit: Ein Judasbericht (The skinned time: A Judasreport). Published in 2008, this novel is a retelling of the gospel, as seen through Judas' eyes. Uwe Saeger re-interprets the founding story of Christianity and casts a new light on Judas. Saeger disengages himself from a simple black and white perspective on Judas, which was popular for many centuries not only among laymen, but also among theologians. The author does not divide the characteristics into a pure and good Jesus on the one hand, and a bad and dishonest Judas on the other hand, but rather merges the two into one figure, expressed by making up the name Je-Judas-us at one point of his book. Saeger describes the two as an inseparable couple, where each of them has his special task to fulfil. Throughout the novel, Judas is being...
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The conception of religion in texts of Czech-jewish movement representatives
Junová, Magdalena ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Čapková, Kateřina (referee)
This thesis deals with the conception of religion in texts written by the representatives of the Czech- jewish movement in the period of the first Czechoslovak republic. By analysing the literary, theoretical and journalistic texts I compose the image of religion that was received by the readers of Czech-jewish periodicals, calendars and books. This image is as manifold as the genres of the scrutinized texts are: There are contemplations on religion, nostalgic and humorous literary scenes from religious life and essays on pressing political and cultural aspects of religious question. The authors, excepting Rabbi Richard Feder, are laymen, who discuss religious question with regard to common sense and humanist ideals. Traditional Judaism belongs usually to the nostalgic memories. The main image of the ideal and universal religion, which emanates from the studied material, consists of the immediate and natural relationship of man to God and mainly of the unflagging humanity, understood as a religious value. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The Concept of Martyrdom in Islam and Its (Re)interpretations in Current Islamic Movements
Kolářová, Michaela ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Beránek, Ondřej (referee)
The main focus of the thesis is the concept of jihad and martyrdom in Islam. It seeks to present these religious ideas from very diverse perspectives and argues that seemingly discontinuous dimensions are all parts of the nature of the phenomenon. In the world of Islam, religion is an omnipresent aspect of a public life. Hence, the historical experience, culture, socio-economics, and politics, they all manifest in religious narratives. Martyrdom embodies these complexities as well. Historically and culturally, martyrdom has been perceived as an expression of utmost activism in the struggle of a believer for the betterment of the Islamic society. Leading a responsible and truthful life sometimes demands the ultimate sacrifice of one's life for the cause. This worldly responsibility for the well-being of the Islamic umma is one dimension of complex dynamics of the Islamist movements like the Palestinian Hamas. For them, martyrdom is only one moment, the climax, which requires leading the whole life as a responsible believer in the first place. In this sense, martyrdom is a celebration of a meaningful life rather than death. This commitment of Hamas to the community, its radical understanding of the politics of the struggle, along with the particular socio-economic, and political situation in...
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Talking Heads: Comparative and Structural Analysis of the Myths of Vital Severed Heads
Sojková, Barbora ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Chlup, Radek (referee)
The thesis deals with a symbolism of the head and its attachment to knowledge, which will be presented on the Indo-European myths of severed heads with the use of methods of comparative mythology and structural analysis. In the first part of the thesis is introduced general symbolism of the head and its possible transformations in Indo-European mythologies. Nevertheless, the focus of the thesis is in presentation of myths, in which the decapitated head plays the central role. Those myths are formed into three types based on power, which is given to the severed heads. In the second part the thesis deals with three particular myths of the speaking severed heads, namely Greek myth of Orpheus, Welsh story of Bran and Old Norse myth of Mímir, whereas those myths are thoroughly presented, interpreted by using structural analysis, and compared. The results of interpretation are afterwards transposed to the other myths of severed heads and to the general symbolism of a head. The focal point of the text is mainly work with primary mythological sources, even though metodological basis of interpretation is also emphasised.
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