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Sehnsucht: an introduction to the romantic desire
Smolen, Štěpán ; Hošek, Pavel (advisor) ; Lyčka, Milan (referee)
The present thesis explores the experience of romantic desire (Sehnsucht). It is mostly based on a wide comparative study of the 19th century European and partly also Northern American literary texts which are used as a tool to define and describe the key features of the Sehnsucht experience. It also tries to demonstrate - using the method of ideal types - the different attitudes of the romantics towards their longing. The final chapter then deals with the various kinds of the counter-romantic criticism that are both aimed against the Sehnsucht experience and relevant from the perspective of the religious studies; it also shows several different Christian responses to this experience. The thesis exposes practical implications of different answers to the relation between the infinite desire and the finite world, between the promises of the miraculous Blue Flower and the everyday life. Rather than arguing for one or other of these answers it wants to create a map of both affirmative and critical attitudes to Sehnsucht.
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Arabic triad: al-Lāt, Manāt,'Uzzā and its Reflection in Islam
Elkarne, Zdislava ; Antalík, Dalibor (advisor) ; Lyčka, Milan (referee)
The presented paper deals with al-Lāt, Manāt a ˁUzzā, the three goddesses of the ancient south-western Semitic tribes inhabiting the Arabian peninsula and some territories of today's Jordan, Iraq and Syria. In the first part it goes out from the Qur'anic verses regarding the goddesses and it pursues the further Islamic reaction. It analyses the Islamic works of different literary genres ant it attempts to show the dynamics of the changing general view of the goddesses, and the Pre-Islamic period either. In the second part it deals with the pre- Islamic sources particularly the epigraphic ones and the historical treatises of the Hellenistic and Early-Islamic authors aiming to characterise the nature of the goddesses as much precise as possible. It presents the etymological interpretation of goddesses' names, it reconstructs their possible qualification and characterizes their cult. The paper draws a conclusion about the importance of the goddesses which is shown on the extension of their cult, the Qur'anic mention and the presence in the Islamic literature. Key words: Al-Lāt, Manāt, ˁUzzā, ancient Arabia, satanic verses
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Reception of theology of the icon in the western cultural context
Bucková, Jana ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Hlaváčková, Jana Hana (referee)
In the first part of the thesis, the history of the icon origin and development is summarised, focusing on the history of the theological controversies of the iconoclastic disputes. The main topic of the thesis is the polemics with the assumptions of Leonid Uspensky (prominent representative of the icon theology), who used the icon theology to justify the superiority of the Eastern art, represented by icons over the western art. To find the reasons for the differences in the art developmnet in the East and the West, the historical and sociological context is scrutinised (including sociological,historical, economical and political perspectives) and subsequently, the arguments substantiating these differences are laid down. Consequently, the questions concerning the ontological icon status are scrutinised as well as the questions concerning the substance and the purpose of the art. The concept of unique solution to the question of the ontological status of icon is questioned in the thesis and the antagonism between the approach of John from Damascus and the later representatives of eastern iconodules (iconophiles) is also discussed. The question of the substance and the purpose of art is defined in the thesis in line with the work of prominent European philosophers, I. Kant and G.F.Hegel. Their conclusions...
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God's name and taboo expressions in religious and profane language
Krankus, Martin ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Chlup, Radek (referee)
The thesis discusses the origin and function of language expressions labelling God, spiritual beings as well as a wider spectrum of words connected to religious language on one hand in religious language itself as well as in outer-religious, profane language on the other hand. It examines the phenomenon of the percepts and prohibitions of uttering God's name and taboo expressions, including the terms of their breaking, compares the approaches of various scientific and theological disciplines to this problem.
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Mesoamerican religion from the perspective of conquistadors
Fajkus, Jaromír ; Kostičová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Lyčka, Milan (referee)
Mesoamerican religion from the perspective of conquistadors (Human sacrifice as observed by Spanish conquerors in contrast with contemporary reflection) Annotation The thesis describes human sacrifice in one of the most important ethnic groups in Mesoamerica - the Aztecs - and deals with the overwhelming influence of the ritual that has been performed on a large scale. The two primary contexts, in which the human sacrifice is interpreted, are the political context and the dietary one, more specifically the ritual cannibalism. While the thesis exploits the scientific research of Mesoamerica from the 20th century onwards, the emphasis is put on the textual evidence from the Spanish conquerors, which is used to either prove or disprove the aforementioned research and as the main source of description of the discussed phenomena. The goal of the thesis was to demonstrate the plurality of approach to human sacrifice, the questionable findings of certain research and the complexity of thought that the human sacrifice is based upon.
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Interspirituality
Koukal, Aleš ; Halík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lyčka, Milan (referee)
Tématem této práce je fenomén, který se skrývá pod termínem "interspiritualita." Jedná se o intenZÍvní formu vztahu mezi náboženstvími, který je motivován nábožensky a vede ke vzniku spirituality, u níž můžeme konstatovat jednotný charakter. Tato spiritualita se z jádra jedné náboženské tradice vztahuje k mystické zkušenosti příslušníků jiných náboženství. Fundamentálním předpokladem je zde jedinost posvátna, s nímž žádné z náboženství není v privilegovaném vztahu, a které se stejnou plností a intenzitou projevuje v rozličných mystických tradicích různých náboženství. Skrze sdílené porozumění tomuto vztahu se potom vytváří specifický typ náboženské sociality, který je iniciován jednotnou vizí spirituality. K této spiritualitě velmi často patří také některé jiné aspekty jako například silný důraz na komunitu, sociální angažovanost, ekologie nebo politická orientace kriticky se vymezující vůči problémům průmyslové modernity a globálního kapitalismu. Centrálním referenčním rámcem těchto podtémat však zůstává univerzalisticky pojatá spiritualita, která však nezůstává bez vazby ke konkrétní náboženské tradici. Jedná se tedy o spiritualitu, která stojí na okraji jak v rámci tradičních náboženství, tak i v rámci západní alternativní spirituality, která má často velmi individualistický charakter, v němž je veškeré...
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Exodus as the Root Experience of Jewish Universalism
Senft, Lukáš ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Žonca, Milan (referee)
This paper focuses on the philosophy of Ahad Ha-Am. Ha-Am is usually considered as a political thinker, however he dealt with judaism in many of his essays. I attempt to systematize his thesis on religion - my intention is to formulate a coherent summary of Ahad Ha-Am's philosophy of judaism. I analyze his conception of Moses as a key figure to the understanding of a jewish identity. The cultural memory seems as a very important part of Ha-Am's philosophical approach - it helps to hold the memory of Exodus and memory of prophetic ideal of universal justice, these memories have been shaping and preserving a jewish identity across history. Ha-Am's conception of religion is not easy to define which makes it deeply challenging for religious studies: it connects a political agenda with religious tradition, mythology with positivism, and it tries to sublime a particular nationalism into universal humanism. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Adaptations of the Biblical Myth of Creation in the Treatises of the Corpus Hermeticum and in Philo of Alexandria and their Mutual Comparison
Čapek, Martin ; Chlup, Radek (advisor) ; Lyčka, Milan (referee)
AbstraAbstraAbstraAbstractctctct: This thesis deals with the adaptations of the biblical cosmogony, as portrayed in the fist two chapters of Genesi, in the hermetic treatises Corpus hermeticum I (=Poimandres), Corpus hermeticum III (= The Sacred Discourse) and in the work De opificio mundi ("On the Creation of the World") by the jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria. All the three authors share the same common ground, which are the Bible in it's greek translation (Septuagint) and the contemporary greek philosophy, mainly the stoicism and the (middle)platonism. Although all of them strive to create some type of universalistic philosophycal-religious system, each of them reaches his goal by different means. The hermetists pick out of the biblical texts only those elements, which appear to them to be the most abstract and universal and they do not hesitate to add to them many of their own ideas, and to alter the text to make it look more scientific and philosophical than the original biblical myth. Philo also tries to create certain universalistic system, but proceeds in the opposite way. He tries to fill all the specificaly jewish elements, which hermetists ignore, with a new universal philosophical meaning. Apart from this, the comparison allows us to trace various differences between the teachings of our...
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Satmar Hasidim in Brooklyn
Jančíková, Kateřina ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Halík, Tomáš (referee)
Hnutí chasidismu1 vzniklo ve východrú Evropě poloviny osmnáctého století. Přes odpor oficiálrúch rabínských kruhů se rychle rozšířilo, takže o století později zde byl chasidismus běžným způsobem života. O další století později byla většina chasidů zavražděna nacisty. Ti, kteří přežili, se rozhodli najít nový domov, kde by mohli žít způsobem, na jaký byli zvyklí. Mezi nimi byla i dynastie satmarských chasidů, která se usadila ve městě New York, USA. Tato práce se snaží odpovědět na otázku, do jaké míry byli úspěšrú. Jak žijí Satmaři v Brooklynu? Jak se jim podařilo zachovat si svou specifickou identitu navzdory každodenní interakci s okolím? Vytvářejí si totiž bariéry mezi sebou a vnějším světem, za účelem zachovám své kultury. Těmito bariérami mohou být sociálrú instituce jako např. škola, synagoga nebo rodina, ale i předpisy týkající se stravovárú nebo oděvu. I přes tyto bariéry dochází k interakci mezi komunitou a okolím. Budu se tedy zabývat popisem těchto bariér, stejně jako vztahy uvnitř komunity i interakci s okolím. Vycházet budu nejen ze sekundárrú literatury, ale také z osobrú zkušenosti s touto komunitou. Satmaři byli úspěšrú. Nejen, že našli nový domov, stali se dokonce největší chasidskou komunitou na světě. Pokud si cestu Satmarů představíme jako osu, pak na jejím počátku stojí Maďarsko a...
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