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Using of unseparated digestate as a phosphorus source for garden plants
Kujanová, Denisa ; Kulhánek, Martin (advisor) ; Jindřich, Jindřich (referee)
The advent of the modern trend of renewable resources was inevitable culmination of the development of civilization. Mankind learns more about use inexhaustible resources compared to depletion of reserves of non-renewable resources. Providers of renewable energy sources also include a biogas plant, which main function is the production of biogas. Biogas is produced in reactors by process of anaerobic fermentation without oxygen. As input for an agricultural biogas plants organic waste, cattle manure or for example energy grasses are used. The process of biogas production has the leftover of the fermentation at its end, so called digestate. Its composition depends especially on the inputs.
Digestate is a compound with high pH which is very rich not only for phosphorus but also for other nutrients. There are many studies dealing with the theory and practice of using digestate on the field for improving its properties and of other digestate usage. This diploma thesis has aim to explore combinations of unseparated digestate with peat and dolomite limestone with an effort to create a suitable substrate for different types of plants in terms of accessible phosphorus content.
During the experiment following plants were used between the years 2011 and 2015: Gazania rigens, Ocimum basilicum and Mentha piperita. For a control substrates following variants were used: Different types of commonly used growing substrates as the controls; peat combined with unseparated digestate in proportions of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 % volume. In selected years dolomite limestone was also added in doses of 3, 6, 10, 15 g/l to stabilize pH.
The results of the work show a positive effect of the digestate on the substrate properties as for example pH value (with possible addition of limestone for stabilization) or dry matter. Digestate appears to be a suitable source of phosphorus for plants. In terms of the above-ground biomass yield of plants reached its maximum value at the control substrate Gramoflor. From the tested substrates it was in the most cases the substrate with 10 % digestate (in two years with doses of 6 a 15 g/l). Highest percentage of dry matter reached usually the control substrates.
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Evaluation of actual sulphur supply in soil and forecast of its development in the Czech Republic
Vojtěch, Jaroslav ; Kulhánek, Martin (advisor) ; Sedlář, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis contains summary information about the importance of sulphur as an important macrobiogenic element in plant nutrition, as well as about sulphur cycle in soil, development of sulphur content in recent years and possibilities of sulphur supply to crops being grown.
Sulphur is an important macroelement in plant nutrition and it is part of important amino acids, vitamins and proteins. Sulphur content in crops predetermines the quantity and quality of harvested products.
Sulphur in our latitudes entered in soil particularly due to atmospheric depositions. With desulphurization of power plants, there has been a significant decline in sulphur entering soil in recent decades, from an approximate figure of 120 kg of pure sulphur per hectare in 1990 to mere 6 8 kg of sulphur per hectare in 2013. Due to small intake of sulphur in soil, plants that draw off large amounts of sulphur and due to the fact that sulphur is swiftly washed off from the topsoil to deeper soil layers where it is inaccessible to the crops, there is often lack of sulphur in the nourishment of crops being grown, which regards both sulphur demanding crops, such as oil crops, and crops such as cereals where lack of sulphur has not manifested itself as much so far.
Soil contains sulphur in an inorganic and organic form. Inorganic sulphur in agricultural land is represented to a lesser extent than organic sulphur, but it is the main source of plant available sulphur and it is a highlydynamic soil component. In soil, it is usually contained in the form of sulphates. Intake of sulphates and their concentration in the soil solution impacts pH, amount of Fe and Al oxides and behaviour of soil colloids. We can influence the content of inorganic sulphur by supplying mineral fertilizers, but we cannot increase the overall long-term supply of sulphur in soil in this way. Long-term and main supply of sulphur in soil is represented by organic sulphur bound in sulphur amino acids, sulfolipids, sulphonic acids and sulphated polysaccharides. We can influence this component of the overall sulphur content by organic fertilization, green manuring, afterharvest residues and sewage sludge application.
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Design of board for solar fotovoltaic cells
Kulhánek, Martin ; Urbanec, Libor (referee) ; Venclík, Jiří (advisor)
The purpose of this dissertation is to discuss the engineering design of the supporting structure for solar photovoltaic panels with a total area of 200 metres square. The supporting structure is intended for implementation as part of a solar power station. The preamble of the dissertation examines photovoltaic power stations, their types, advantages and disadvantages. The focus of the second part is directed toward the project of constructing the supporting structure and it also deals with the tasks of attaching the photovoltaic panels and putting the panel’s supporting structure in place. This section will also propose methods of continuously monitoring both the panel and its support-structure once they have been constructed and brought into operation. The purpose of part three is to perform the calculations concerning the entire structure’s required load-bearing properties through the use of the Final Element Method in the program “ANSYS 11.0”. The conclusion of this dissertation is devoted to the evaluation and economic analysis of the construction.
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Vliv přihnojování sazenic na přírůst a vitalitu kultur 3. LVS a jejich porovnání z hlediska předpokladu jejich zajištění
Kulhánek, Martin
The aim of my bachelor work was to examine the influence of inbuilt growth stimulants into Silvamix fertilizers family, to compare the effect of individual sorts of fertilizers from the point of view of securing these crops. Field works took place in LHC Ketkovice on the tracts located in 75 D1a,77B11, 77B1a and 65B1. I investigated the effect of fertilization on norway spruce, European beech, and mountain oak corps in 2 rd and mostly 3rd LVS. Based on dendrometrical characteristics, assimilation apparatus and health condition the Silvamix R and Silvamix R stimulators these fertilizations were assessed as the best ones. The outcomes show clearly that the action of growth stimulants inbuilt into Silvamix fertilizations family is rather gradual and is not too brisk and distinct on testing.
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