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The Issue of Psychological working with the Deaf
Veselá, Michaela ; Gillernová, Ilona (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee) ; Okrouhlíková, Lenka (referee)
The presented doctoral dissertation aims to provide a deeper understanding of psychological work with Deaf clients, both from therapeutic and diagnostic perspectives. The main focus of the study is the process of modifying and translating psychological tests into sign language, as well as the specifics of therapeutic work with the Deaf. The author believes that the Deaf are a linguistic and cultural minority with all the characteristics that this designation entails. The paper maps out the historical, linguistic, and social contexts that have influenced or have previously influenced the Deaf community and directly impact the formation of Deaf identity. In the diagnostic section, the author introduces a modified PFT (C-W) psychological test in sign language, describing the translation process and the manner of test modification. The usability of this adapted test was verified on a sample of 20 Deaf individuals. This verification aimed to determine the test's relevance and reliability within the Deaf context. The study further examines challenges related to adapting other psychological tests for the Deaf. Methods of translating instructions into sign language are explored, with a focus on comprehensive intelligence tests and their verbal components. The need to create test batteries standardized for...
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Dynamic approach to Educational and Psychological assessment and Intervation in Kindergarten.
Krejčová, Kristýna ; Šírová, Eva (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee) ; Hříbková, Lenka (referee)
Dynamic assessment constitutes an alternative diagnostic approach, focused on revelation of the tested person's learning potential, which is reached and observed via the emphasis on the process of the achievement. It aims at meaningful connection with the intervention that immediately makes use of diagnostic findings to support the development of an individual's abilities. This work summarizes essential information about the mentioned diagnostic trend - its characteristic, a definition compared to conventional ways of testing and historical development. It investigates some possibilities of its utilization, especially in the area of preschool diagnostic and education, and creates a basis for an instrument of the effective prevention of educational and behavioural difficulties during the first years of the school attendance.
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Reading Literacy Development of Pupils with Other Mother Tongue in Inclusive Education Context
Rychlíková, Marie ; Wildová, Radka (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee) ; Vykoukalová, Věra (referee)
TITLE: Reading Literacy Development of Pupils with Other Mother Tongue in Inclusive Education Context AUTHOR: Mgr. Marie Rychlíková DEPARTMENT: Department of Primary Education PedF UK Prague SUPERVISOR: prof. PaedDr. Radka Wildová, CSc. ABSTRACT: This thesis is focused on the reading literacy issues of pupils with other mother tongue in primary education. The aim of this work is to analyse and describe the contemporary state of reading literacy skills of pupils with other mother tongue in inclusive education context. The foreigners children have to overcome the social and cultural differences as well as the language barrier. In order to be successfully included into the education system, and consequently into our society, the pupils need to learn Czech language at the best level they are able to. The structure of this work is divided into two parts - the theoretical and practical one. There were quantitative and qualitative methods used in the research. The individual aims of this work were analysed, processed and discussed based on the results of the two research phases and description of good practice examples from Finland. Finally the conclusions and suggestions were expressed. KEY WORDS: Reading literacy, first reading literacy, inclusion, stereotypes, basic literacy, pupil with other mother tongue,...
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The collocational competence of EFL students in relation to their cognitive and affective predispositions.
Kacafírková, Petra ; Kucharská, Anna (advisor) ; Betáková, Lucie (referee) ; Šulová, Lenka (referee)
The dissertation deals with the collocational competence of English language students and its relation to the naturalness of language production. In addition to the theoretical foundations of the research, the main focus is first given to the definition of collocational competence, followed by the presentation of the research project itself - a teaching intervention with students from Charles University (n = 39) over the course of one semester. Students were divided into an experimental group with explicit collocation instruction and a control group where teaching was conducted in a traditional way. The primary aim was to explore whether instruction inspired by lexically-oriented approaches contributes to the successful development of collocational competence. At the same time, we monitored individual differences, such as foreign language aptitude, anxiety, motivation, and learning strategies, and their impact on the learning process. The results suggest that explicit instruction of language in general is beneficial for students with higher levels of anxiety and weaker foreign language aptitude. Systematic lexically-oriented instruction proved to be effective in enhancing collocational competence and also contributed to naturalness of written production regardless of individual differences. The...
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Friendships and partner relationships in young adults with autism spectrum disorder
Slavíčková, Kateřina ; Sotáková, Hana (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
This master thesis examines friendship and partnership relationships in young adults with autism spectrum disorders. In the literature section, the definition of autism spectrum disorders according to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems and the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-V manual is presented, the specific areas of autism spectrum disorders are discussed, with attention being paid mainly to the social area, and the chapter also focuses on diagnosis and support options. The next chapter covers general aspects of friendship and specifics in friendships for people on the spectrum. The chapter on partner relationships is divided in the same way. The literature section also includes specifics of relationships in the online world and concludes with a brief summary. The research section begins by introducing the research objectives and research questions. The research design was conceived as qualitative. The research was conducted in two phases, the first of which was an online questionnaire. The second phase then consisted of semi- structured interviews that aimed to deepen the findings from the questionnaire. Both phases of the research were evaluated qualitatively using the thematic analysis method. The results of the thesis describe how people on the...
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Coping with demanding study responsibilities for conservatory students
Kellerová, Anna ; Kucharská, Anna (advisor) ; Kučerová, Olga (referee)
This master's thesis deals with the demanding responsibilities of studying at a conservatoire and coping with them. The aim of the thesis is to research how students experience their studies, the stress and also how they cope with the stress itself. Conservatoire students are a very specific group of pupils. From an early age they publicly perform, they are being judged, compared and they develop a very unique individual relationship with their teachers. All these circumstances can lead to difficult situations in their life. The theoretical part of the thesis is therefore divided into 4 main chapters. In the first chapter there is a brief description of studying at a conservatoire with a focus on its technicalities. The second chapter examines stress amongst musicians, what causes it, how it emerges, and I also mention stress among young musicians and how it differs from stress experienced by professional musicians in this chapter. The next part brings the reader closer to specific challenging situations in the lives of conservatoire students and the last chapter describes coping strategies that can be used in the lives of musicians. The practical part of the thesis is carried out in the form of semi-structured interviews with conservatoire students from several schools in the Czech Republic. The...
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The use of memory techniques in teaching English vocabulary - intervention study
Dámová, Alena ; Špačková, Klára (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
Diplomová práce se zaměřuje na problematiku osvojování slovní zásoby v cizím jazyce. Představuje intervenční studii ověřující přínos Metody slovíček v příbězích při osvojení nové slovní zásoby v anglickém jazyce u dětí mladšího školního věku. Teoretická část je rozdělena do tří kapitol, ve kterých představuje aktuální poznatky o paměti. Zabývá se také paměťovými technikami a možnostmi využití paměťových technik při osvojování a výuce slovní zásoby. Práce popisuje jak pojetí, tak současný stav poznání daných pojmů ve vztahu k učení a úspěšnému rozvoji cizojazyčných kompetencí. Praktická část se opírá o kvantitativní výzkum, ve kterém proběhla výuka slovní zásoby anglického jazyka pomocí vybraných paměťových technik. Samotné výzkumné šetření probíhalo ve dvou výzkumných skupinách žáků 4. ročníků po dobu 12 týdnů. Kromě úrovně osvojení jazyka a slovní zásoby včetně pravopisu slov byly sledovány také individuální rozdíly v paměťových schopnostech žáků. Výsledky výzkumného šetření poukázaly na statisticky významné rozdíly ve prospěch žáků experimentální skupiny v úlohách zaměřených na osvojování slovní zásoby, ale neprokázaly vliv paměťové techniky na rozvoj paměťových schopností a celkovou jazykovou komunikativní kompetenci. KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA anglický jazyk, mladší školní věk, paměť, paměťové techniky,...
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Development of phonemic awareness in preschool children utiziling the Elkonin method
Tesařová, Kamila ; Sotáková, Hana (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
The topic of the diploma thesis is Training the development of phonemic awareness in preschool children using the Elkonin method. The method serves as a tool for preventing difficulties in the development of reading and writing in primary school. The diploma thesis is focused mainly on the development of phonemic awareness and further on the development of language skills in selected children in a regular kindergarten. The thesis is divided into two parts. To the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part defines the basic terms related to the topic - communication, language and speech, hearing. It introduces the reader to the development of a child's speech from the period of intrauterine development to the age of about six years. Due to the focus of the diploma thesis, the greatest emphasis is placed on the speech development of a preschool child. The content of the chapter devoted to speech development is also the definition of language levels of speech. The theoretical part in one of the chapters defines the concepts of phonetics, phonology and phonological abilities. This is followed by a section devoted to the development of phonological awareness and its level at the beginning of reading mastery. The personality of Daniil Boršovič Eľkonin and the method of Training the development...
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Reading comprehension among pupils at third grafe of elementary schools
Jindrová, Barbora ; Kučerová, Olga (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
The present thesis deals with the issue of reading comprehension of pupils in the 3rd grade of elementary school taught by the Sfumato reading method. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part introduces the concepts of reading, some sub-skills for the development of reading comprehension. We also describe some reading methods used in Czech education, focusing more on the Sfumato reading method. The last chapter is devoted to a reflection on the influence of distance learning on the acquisition of reading by beginning readers. The practical section presents research whose primary aim was to describe the typical developmental level of reading 3rd grade students taught using the Sfumato reading method. The secondary aim was to compare the average performance of pupils of this method with the analytic-synthetic and genetic methods. The research sample consisted of 45 pupils of the 3rd grade of the Sfumato method from a total of 3 primary schools in the Czech Republic. The pupils were administered the PorTex diagnostic battery. The empirical part is divided into descriptive and analytical parts. The descriptive part focuses on the description of the developmental picture of pupils of the 3rd year of the Sfumato method in reading skills. In the analytical part,...
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