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Circumstances surrounding early parenthood in the Czech Republic: Life strategies of pregnant women and mothers under the age of 20
Kyzlinková, Renáta ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Kuchařová, Věra (referee)
CIRCUMSTANCES SURROUNDING EARLY PARENTHOOD IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC: LIFE STRATEGIES OF PREGNANT WOMEN AND MOTHERS UNDER THE AGE OF 20 Abstract The data gathered in the qualitative study by 58 semi-structured interviews with pregnant teenage girls or teenage mothers were used to describe relatively large scope of life circumstances connected to early pregnancies. The author examines what was the reason for becoming pregnant, how the teenagers' decision about how to respond to getting pregnant was made and how their life strategies changed under the pressure of this unpredictable event. Studying sexual behavior of adolescent mothers the author placed emphasis on partners' communication connected with first sexual intercourse and the increased risk of sexual abuse among the observed population. Furthermore, the role of "sexual socialization" in the family of origin was discussed. Concerning decision-making process- "keeping the baby or not", the main emphasis was placed on the social support networks and their influence on pregnant women's decisions. Very important issue analyzed in this part of the study is phenomenon of "wishing to have a baby". Another topics covered are the family formation process and housing conditions after opting for motherhood, in particular, the importance of marriage and the partner's...
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Fertility timing across the Czech women, the 1966-1990 generations
Slabá, Jitka ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee) ; Kuchařová, Věra (referee)
Fertility timing across the Czech women, the 1966-1990 generations Abstract: The mean age of women at the first and second childbirth in Czechia is growing since the beginning of the 90s. The aim of this doctoral thesis is therefore to analyse the intensity and causes of the unplanned postponement of childbirth, mainly from the individual perspective of Czech women. The main sources of data used in the thesis are from the Ženy 2016 survey and the Ženy 2019 survey, that gather data about the women born in Czechia between the years 1966 and 1990. The research contribution of the thesis is twofold. Firstly, the separation of postponement into two phases - planned postponement and unplanned postponement, as both of them contribute to the growing mean age at first childbirth. Secondly, the finding of the sequential nature of fertility timing. First stage of postponement is related to the unfulfillment of defined prerequisites for the first childbirth, such as completion of education, stable position on the labour market or the overall material security. The second stage of the postponement is related to the unsatisfactory partnership situation and the third stage to the health problems. The results show that about one third of Czech women relate themselves to the issue of the unplanned postponement of the first...
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Approach of Child Protection Services to Addressing Parental Conflicts
Hejnová, Kateřina ; Matoušek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Navrátil, Pavel (referee) ; Kuchařová, Věra (referee)
Child protection is one of the most demanding fields of social protection and requires comprehensive solutions which have a major impact on the lives of children and their families. It also includes the agenda of parental conflicts and related child custody proceedings. The thesis deals with the practice of child protection social workers at the municipal authorities with extended powers in the Czech Republic in solving parental disputes. The theoretical part introduces legal, educational and competence framework of child protection and sets it into the context of specific aspects and pitfalls associated with the profession and approach of child protection social workers to solving parental conflicts. It also provides recommendations on how to solve parental conflicts followed by a case study of child protection department at the Prague 8 Municipality District Authority. It identifies attributes of best practice that contribute to the best interests of the child, including participation of families, multidisciplinary cooperation, transparency of processes and neutrality, professionalism and reflexivity of child protection social workers. The empirical part focuses on the understanding of working conditions and attitudes of child protection social workers at the municipal authorities with extended...
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A Permanent or Temporary Change? The Arrangement of Gender Roles in Families with Caring Fathers
Maříková, Hana ; Buriánek, Jiří (advisor) ; Kozlová, Lucie (referee) ; Kuchařová, Věra (referee)
1 Abstract: In her dissertation thesis, the author concentrates on the phenomenon of 'caring fathers'. Her primary goal was not to explicate the transformations of fatherhood but to explore whether direct and daylong childcare provided by the father leads to the elimination of gender inequalities in the family during the period when the father is involved in childcare as the primary care provider or co-provider as well as during the immediately following period when he returns to the labour market. This issue is a less explored one in Czech sociology and related sciences than the first topic even as fathers' participation in childcare and child education is considered to be one of the ways to challenge cultural and social inequalities between genders. In her work the author aims to answer the question whether in families where fathers are involved in childcare in the early stages of the child's life, gender inequalities in the family are disrupted or whether this situation constitutions a mere modification of the status quo. She asks when gender equality in families occurs (or can occur) and what the relationship is between gender equality in the family and gender inequality in larger society. The study is based on a specifically designed qualitative research study carried out in 2006 and in 2009 through...
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Approach of Child Protection Services to Addressing Parental Conflicts
Hejnová, Kateřina ; Matoušek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Navrátil, Pavel (referee) ; Kuchařová, Věra (referee)
Child protection is one of the most demanding fields of social protection and requires comprehensive solutions which have a major impact on the lives of children and their families. It also includes the agenda of parental conflicts and related child custody proceedings. This thesis focuses on the practice of Czech social workers operating in the field of child protection at the municipal authorities with extended powers and on their approaches used to resolve parental disputes. The theoretical part is based on the conceptualization of practice from the perspective of a dynamic model of practice by Karen Healy, which builds on the interaction of several contexts, i.e. institutional contexts, formal professional base of social work, service users and their communities and framework for practice, and surveys them with regard to the agenda of parental disputes in detail. The empirical part aims to identify the variability of approaches used by Czech social workers operating in the field of child protection to resolve parental disputes. The research combines both qualitative and quantitative methodology and identifies a typology of defensive practice, reflexive practice, and intuitive practice. Individual types differ in the attitudes the child protection social workers express towards recognized...
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Approach of Child Protection Services to Addressing Parental Conflicts
Hejnová, Kateřina ; Matoušek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Navrátil, Pavel (referee) ; Kuchařová, Věra (referee)
Child protection is one of the most demanding fields of social protection and requires comprehensive solutions which have a major impact on the lives of children and their families. It also includes the agenda of parental conflicts and related child custody proceedings. The thesis deals with the practice of child protection social workers at the municipal authorities with extended powers in the Czech Republic in solving parental disputes. The theoretical part introduces legal, educational and competence framework of child protection and sets it into the context of specific aspects and pitfalls associated with the profession and approach of child protection social workers to solving parental conflicts. It also provides recommendations on how to solve parental conflicts followed by a case study of child protection department at the Prague 8 Municipality District Authority. It identifies attributes of best practice that contribute to the best interests of the child, including participation of families, multidisciplinary cooperation, transparency of processes and neutrality, professionalism and reflexivity of child protection social workers. The empirical part focuses on the understanding of working conditions and attitudes of child protection social workers at the municipal authorities with extended...
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UNICELLULAR ALGA CHLORELLA AS A FEED SUPPLEMENT, CURRENT EXPERIENCE AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
Kotrbáček, V. ; Doucha, Jiří ; Kuchařová, V. ; Doubek, J.
n experiments with farm animals we studied the effect of Chlorella biomass as a feed supplement. In laying hens we found that diet supplemented with 1 % (i.e. 10 g/kg) of dry disintegrated heterotrophically grown Chlorella biomass significantly increased content of carotenoids in egg yolks of 8 experimental animals already after the first week of supplementation (P<0,01). Compared to 8 control hens these differences remained significantly higher until the end of the eight-week experiment. The average carotenoid concentration was 17,3 mu g per g of yolk in control group and 25,3 mu g per g of yolk in experimental animals (P<0,01). Autotrophically grown Chlorella was supplemented to the 30 gilts one month prior the expected first heat in a dose of 1,5 g per animal per day. These sows entered heat earlier and the number of pregnancy was higher in comparison to the 30 control animals. Other studies observed digestibility of selenium organically bound in Se-enriched Chlorella. The level of selenium in blood, colostrum and also tissues of new born piglets was determined. Group of 8 sows was supplemented with Se-enriched alga during the pregnancy and 3 days after parturition at a dose of 0,3 mg of selenium per 1 kg of feed. The same amount of selenium in the form of sodium selenite was administrated to the control group of 8 individuals. Organic form of selenium significantly increased concentration of Se in blood of sows and colostrum (P<0,05). Piglets born to supplemented sows had also significantly higher level of Se in heart, muscles and liver (P<0.01). The use of fresh Chlorella biomass produced outdoors on a dairy farm was experimentally tested. Location near biogas station enables utilization of flue gas as a source of carbon for algal photosynthesis. The liquid fresh biomass applied to dairy cows during the pregnancy at a dose of 15 g dry mass per cow increased the dry matter content in colostrum from 17,5 g per 100 ml of colostrum in control group to 20,5 g per 100 ml of colostrum in supplemented cows (P<0,05). This pilot experiment demonstrated possibilities of cheaper Chlorella production and its use in ruminant nutrition.
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UNICELLULAR ALGA CHLORELLA AS A FEED SUPPLEMENT, CURRENT EXPERIENCE AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
Kotrbáček, V. ; Doucha, Jiří ; Kuchařová, V. ; Doubek, J.
We studied the effect of Chlorella biomass as a feed supplement. In laying hens we found that diet supplemented with 1 % (i.e. 10 g/kg) of dry disintegrated heterotrophically grown Chlorella biomass significantly increased content of carotenoids in egg yolks of 8 experimental animals already after the first week of supplementation (P<0,01). Compared to 8 control hens these differences remained significantly higher until the end of the eight-week experiment. The average carotenoid concentration was 17,3 mu g per g of yolk in control group and 25,3 mu g per g of yolk in experimental animals (P<0,01). Autotrophically grown Chlorella was supplemented to the 30 gilts one month prior the expected first heat in a dose of 1,5 g per animal per day. These sows entered heat earlier and the number of pregnancy was higher in comparison to the 30 control animals. Other studies observed digestibility of selenium organically bound in Se-enriched Chlorella. The level of selenium in blood, colostrum and also tissues of new born piglets was determined. Group of 8 sows was supplemented with Se-enriched alga during the pregnancy and 3 days after parturition at a dose of 0,3 mg of selenium per 1 kg of feed. The same amount of selenium in the form of sodium selenite was administrated to the control group of 8 individuals. Organic form of selenium significantly increased concentration of Se in blood of sows and colostrum (P<0,05). Piglets born to supplemented sows had also significantly higher level of Se in heart, muscles and liver (P<0.01). The use of fresh Chlorella biomass produced outdoors on a dairy farm was experimentally tested. The liquid fresh biomass applied to dairy cows during the pregnancy at a dose of 15 g dry mass per cow increased the dry matter content in colostrum from 17,5 g per 100 ml of colostrum in control group to 20,5 g per 100 ml of colostrum in supplemented cows (P<0,05).
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A second child in the family - The consequences of changing family and fertility patterns in the Czech Republic
Šťastná, Anna ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Kuchařová, Věra (referee)
A Second Child in the Family - the Consequences of Changing Family and Fertility Patterns in the Czech Republic Anna Šťastná Abstract The theme of this study is the two-child family model and second order births in the context of a changing Czech society. The study investigates the conditions and context surrounding the birth of a second child and the general values associated with children and focuses on selected factors associated with the decision-making process surrounding having a second child including the factors that a woman takes into account when deciding whether to have another child. Furthermore, the author studies the determinants of having a second child in Czech society and the relationship between the likelihood of the birth of a second child and different micro-level covariates and attempts to provide an explanation of the processes acting upon second childbearing through interaction with education and partnerships/union dynamics. The thesis is divided into three thematic sections. Following the introductory chapters, the first part of the study addresses fertility patterns in the Czech Republic, societal conditions and theoretical concepts which deal with possible explanations for changing fertility behaviour. The second part of the study considers decision-making processes and value...
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Family and work arrangements in the context of social changes in the Czech Republic after 1989. Transformations in family and professional starts
Chaloupková, Jana ; Hamplová, Dana (advisor) ; Buriánek, Jiří (referee) ; Kuchařová, Věra (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Philosophy and Arts Department of Sociology Study Program: Sociology Family and work arrangements in the context of social changes in the Czech Republic after 1989. Transformations in family and professional starts Mgr. Jana Chaloupková Supervisor: PhDr. Dana Hamplová, Ph.D. 2011 Dissertation abstract This dissertation explores the changes in professional and family starts of young men and women in the Czech Republic. It compares an early family and work trajectories of persons, who reached adulthood in 1990s and those theirs family and work starts occurred before 1989. Theoretical and methodological background of this study draws upon a holistic approach to the life-course study and a sequence analysis. The empirical analyses focus on three domains: 1) a normative context of family and work starts, 2) the development of variability of family and work starts, 3) analysis of similarity (types) of early family and work trajectories. Using ISSP 2002 data, the analysis deals with a sequence of family and work statuses held between 18 and 35 years of age. The analyses of the normative context show that in most European countries social adulthood is more strongly linked to becoming financially independent than to starting a family. In the Czech society dominates a norm of...
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