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The Optimalization of Nutrition for Elderly People-Evaluating the Impact of Diet
Salfická, Monika ; Ďoubal, Stanislav (advisor) ; Kuchařová, Monika (referee)
Title: The Optimization of Nutrition for Elderly People-Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Diet Summary: This bachelor thesis deals with a question of nutrition and using diets in aging persons. The theoretical part focuses on explaining term of aging and old age in the field of gerontology. This part contains, inter alia, a description of the manifestations of aging on the appearance, movement and mentality. The next section informs about the "right" nutrition throughout life, as we age the moment we are born. In conclusion the theoretical part we find basic information on diet, malnutrition, obesity and diabetes mellitus. The empirical section presents the results of the survey. The survey involved 18 respondents from dietary counseling UROCONT Ltd. in Pardubice and 46 respondents of Flora. The aim of the study was to compare the data of men and women within the age categories. Learn how different Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR), Percent Body Fat (PBF) in patients affected by diabetes and patients healthy. Key words: aging, age, nutrition, diet, obesity, malnutrition, diabetes mellitus, WHR, PBF, BMI, waist circumference
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The influence of parameters of samples on mechanical properties of biological materials
Roušarová, Pavla ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Ďoubal, Stanislav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of biophysics and physical chemistry Candidate: Pavla Roušarová Supervisor: Mgr. Monika Kuchařová Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The influence of parameters of samples on mechanical properties of biological materials. In this diploma thesis I dealt with the influence of dimensions of samples of biological material, namely bovine bones, to change their mechanical characteristics measured in static and dynamic mode. Samples were measured on a dynamic elastomers developed at the Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry. For our experiment we obtained three samples that had different dimensions, in terms of width, height and length. It was the shin bone (tibia) of a young bull (Bos taurus primigenius f). Animal slaughter age was 20 weeks and the bones were obtained 1 day after slaughter. Impulse response for each sample was measured three times. After every fifth repeated measurements, the distance between the sample and movable measuring system has shrunk by 2 mm. The computer evaluated dynamic modul Ed and viscosity η - which we then transformed into a graph, such as dependence on length. Step characteristic for each sample was measured three times. After every fifth repeated measurements, the distance between the...
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Effect of UV radiation on the change of mechanical parameters of human skin
Mazouchová, Denisa ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Klemera, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Candidate: Denisa Mazouchová Supervizor: Mgr. Monika Kuchařová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Effect of ultraviolet radiation on the change the mechanical parameters of human skin This diploma thesis deals in theoretical part with the properties of human skin, the characteristics of the UV radiation and its effects on human skin. The practical part of the thesis focuses on the in vivo measurement of mechanical parameters of human skin after UV radiation. Mechanical characteristics of human skin were measured in 12 subjects before the application of UV radiation, immediately after application of UV and after 24 hours of rest skin. The experiment used a UV lamp with a wavelength of 370 nm emitted light. The monitored parameters were Hooke's and Newton's coefficients. Hooke's coefficient gives us the stiffness of the skin as a whole , Newton coefficient characterises its viscosity. For measurement of those parameters was used dynamic viscoelastomer. The experiment has been found out that no signifiant ganges of Hooke's and Newton's coefficients were not found immediately after the application of UV radiation of wavelength 370 nm, in 12 volunteers. Significant change occurred only in the...
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Measurement of the skin mechanical properties after application of the anti-aging product
Lejsalová, Alžběta ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Ďoubal, Stanislav (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of biophysics and physical chemistry Candidate: Mgr. Alžběta Lejsalová Supervisor: Mgr. Monika Kuchařová, PhD. Title of Thesis: Measurement of the skin mechanical properties after application of the anti-aging product The maintaince of youthful skin appearance is strongly desired by the sociaty nowadays. A lot of anti-aging strategies, agents and procedures have been already described but it is difficult to measure the effectiveness of these products and methods. Viscoelastometer developed at the Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové offers a quick and painless measurement of basic mechanical parameters of the skin, stiffness and viscosity. Previous researches indicate that these parameters vary with age. The aim of this study was to determinate the effect of anti-aging product on these mechanical parameters. Twenty volunteers (women aged 25 - 67 years) used the tested product Vichy Liftactiv Serum 10 twice a day for two months. During the experiment skin mechanical properties were measured at the application site and the obtained values were compared by the t-test. The theoretical part is focused on characterizing the basic anatomical, physiological and biomechanical properties of the skin, describes the aging process...
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Influence of external conditions on biomechanical properties of biological materials.
Hrůšová, Eva ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Ďoubal, Stanislav (referee)
As a part of this thesis "Influence of external conditions on biomechanical properties of biological materials" was developed. Influence of duration of storing on biomechanical properties of vascular walls was observed in the concrete. Department of biophysics and physical chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy of Charles University in Hradec Králové puts brain to problems of mechanical properties of biological materials and also man-made materials for many years. First part is focused on description of current knowledge in area of mechanical properties of biological materials. Further are described different influences on mechanical properties of vascular wall. In the second practical part are described using materials. We used samples of aorta walls of domestic swine, samples are carved in horizontal and vertical direction. Process of measuring of impulse characteristics of pig's aorta on dynamical elastometer comes after. In this part are listed relations necessary for calculations of monitored mechanical parameters, which were dynamical modulus and viscous component of samples. In the last part are summed up results of our measuring.
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Cationic surface active compounds and evaluation of its properties
Pekařová, Kateřina ; Nováková, Veronika (advisor) ; Kuchařová, Monika (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Consultant: PharmDr. Jan Marek, Ph.D. Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Veronika Nováková, Ph.D. Student: Kateřina Pekařová Title of Thesis: Cationic surface active compounds and evaluation of its properties Quaternary ammonium salts are used as surfactants in many branches of the food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. The basic properties of these substances were studied in the thesis. The critical micellar concentration of the homologous series of five substances was determined using the conductometric method. The theory of declining critical micellar concentration with the increasing length of the side alkyl chain has been verified. The hydrolytic activity of two commonly used cationic surfactants benzalconium chloride and benzoxonium chloride for the decomposition of the organophosphorus pesticide fenitrothion was tested. For these two substances, the effect of pH and temperature changes was evaluated. The influence of tenside concentration was also monitored. Benzoxonium chloride at 50 řC and pH 11was found as the most effective hydrolytic catalyst for the decomposition of the organophosphorus pesticide fenitrothione.
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The influence of anesthesia on the degree of DNA oxidative damage
Zubáňová, Veronika ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Nováková, Veronika (referee)
Background: Oxidative damage is one of the most frequent types of cell components damage leading to oxidation of lipids, proteins and the molecule of DNA. As a consequence, there is a higher occurrence of several pathologies such as atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer; or diabetes. In our study, influence of whole body anesthesia during minor surgery on the level of DNA damage was examined using comet assay technique. Methods: The basic principle of this method is fixing the cells (lymphocytes) in agarose, their lysis for the removal of membranes, incubation with the specific enzymes and electrophoresis of the released cell nuclei. During the electrophoresis, free low-molecular weight and negatively charged fragments of DNA move towards anode which causes the formation of the typical comet cell shape. Finally, the gels are stained by ethidium bromide (DNA intercalating dye) and visualized. Results: We have observed single strand breakages (SSBs) and, with the use of modified assay using specific enzymes for detection of specific lesions, also oxidized purines and pyrimidines. The extent of DNA damage as determined by the intensity of the tail of the comet was quantified using LUCIA Comet Assay (Laboratory Imaging, Czech Republic) software for image analysis. The results were used...
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The influence of frequency on values of mechanical parameters of biological samples
Roušarová, Pavla ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Klemera, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of biophysics and physical chemistry Candidate: Pavla Roušarová Supervisor: Mgr. Monika Kuchařová Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The influence of frequency on values of mechanical parameters of biological samples My diploma thesis builds on my diploma work, in which I investigated the effect of sizes of samples of biological materials on changes of their mechanical properties when measured in static and dynamic mode. In this work, I examined the influence of frequency f [Hz] on the values of the mechanical parameters of biological samples. The frequency gradually decreased during the measurement. I did the measurements in dynamic mode resonance analyzer, which was developed at the Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry. I obtained samples of the shin bone (tibia) of a young bull (Bos primigenius f. taurus) for the purpose of the measurements. The animal was slaughtered at the age of 20 weeks. The bones were obtained one day after slaughter. For our experiment, I received three samples that had different dimensions (height, width and length). During the measurement, a frequency f [Hz] was always diminished by using a weight that was affixed to the movable part of the measuring instrument. At each frequency, the...
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