|
|
Monitoring the condition of the archaeological sites of Prague Castle
Válek, Jan ; Kozlovcev, Petr ; Kotková, Kristýna ; Fialová, Anna ; Svorová Pawełkowicz, Sylwia ; Frankl, Jiří
In order to study microclimatic conditions, monitoring of selected archaeological terrains of Prague Castle was carried out in the period from August 2020 to May 2023. The internal climate of the area under the third courtyard of Prague Castle, also called Great Excavations, was monitored in the given time range. During the monitoring campaign, sensors were also placed in the area of the Small Excavations and the archaeological terrain of St. George's Monastery at various times. In particular, relative humidity, air and materials temperatures, moisture content of building materials, etc. were monitored. Samples of building materials were also taken and analysed, and the presence of biological degradation agents was monitored. The research focused in detail on describing the temperature and relative humidity of the indoor environment in relation to the moisture content of the materials and their potential degradation agents. These are primarily represented here by water-soluble salts. Their hazardousness in terms of damage to historic materials is influenced by variations in relative humidity and evaporation of water from capillary pores in combination with temperature. Research has shown that the most significant problem for sites is flooding or water seepage through the ground, surrounding structures or ceiling.
|
|
| |
|
|
Natural hydraulic lime and natural cement: a possible solution to more sustainable future of construction binders
Rokosová, Dita ; Přikryl, Richard (advisor) ; Kozlovcev, Petr (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to address the issue of carbon dioxide emissions in the production of Portland cement. CO2 emissions are generated during the production of this hydraulic binder not only by burning fuels needed for the firing of cement clinker, but primarily during the process called calcination. Alternatives to Portland cement could be Roman cement and/or natural hydraulic lime, which are fired at lower temperatures than Portland cement. Firing at lower temperatures saves fuel needed for firing the raw material mixture, and particularly prevents the mixture from being heated above the sintering temperature. This bachelor's thesis also analyses the use of biomass fuels, solid municipal waste, etc., which are widely used for clinker firing instead of fossil fuels in the Czech Republic. Graphs, based on data from the Czech Cement Industry Association, were created to demonstrate the relationship between the increasing proportion of alternative fuels and the rising consumption of heat required for clinker firing. In the final part of the thesis, three geological areas in the Czech Republic, where a long history of hydraulic binder production continues until the present, are examined. These locations are described, and three rock formations are identified based on previous analyses, which...
|
|
|
Climate impact on archaeological monuments in Prague Castle
Pokorný, Šimon ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kozlovcev, Petr (referee)
This thesis deals with the question of the influence of climate on archaeological monuments beneath the pavement of the III. courtyard of Prague Castle. The complex archaeological site is threatened by the effects of several climatic factors, especially water and temperature changes, which cause weathering processes, and the historical building material in this area is subsequently degraded. The theoretical part of this thesis first deals with the study of historical building materials in the excavation area, with a focus on marlstone and clay slate, which are most susceptible to various types of weathering. Subsequently, degradation processes that affect the state of the present material are discussed, particularly processes related to water penetration through the material, chemical weathering caused by salt crystallization, and swelling of clay minerals, a process that often occurs in clay slate. The last chapter of the theoretical part outlines the impact of future climate change on the action of these processes. The practical part of this thesis focuses on research into frost and salt weathering cycles, particularly the determination of the frequency of cycles in one year of continuous measurement. Moisture and temperature values over time from sensors that are evenly distributed throughout...
|
|
| |
|
|
Selection of mortars samples for radiocarbon dating
Válek, Jan ; Kozlovcev, Petr ; Fialová, Anna ; Kotková, Kristýna ; Frankeová, Dita ; Skružná, Olga ; Maříková-Kubková, Jana ; Tomanová, Pavla ; Herichová, Iva ; Světlík, Ivo ; Pachnerová Brabcová, Kateřina ; Šimek, Pavel
Radiocarbon dating of organic residues may not always correctly determine the age of analysed historic mortars. Therefore, it seems advantageous to use of carbon dating of the carbon contained in the structure of the lime mortar, which will provide representative data of the age of the investigated structure. The methodology presents basic instructions and rules for sample selection, processing, and evaluation. The aim of this methodology is the identification of cases where the radiocarbon dating of a binder is appropriate and to define the reasons why some binder systems fail to provide relevant results.
Plný tet:  PDF; PDF
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Determination of reference parameters for evaluating the strengthening of degraded sandstone masonry of the Cathedral of St. Vit at Prague Castle
Válek, Jan ; Kozlovcev, Petr ; Fialová, Anna ; Slížková, Zuzana ; Kotková, Kristýna ; Svoboda, Milan ; Koudelková, Veronika
Sandstone materials exposed to weather conditions degrade naturally, consequently consolidation of these materials is often required. The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of four commercials organosilicate consolidants on degraded sandstones, which were used during the neogothic rebuilding of st. Vithus Cathedral at the turn of the 19th to 20th century. The depth of penetration of consolidants into the sandstone porous system and the impact of consolidants on the physical properties of sandstones, namely on the hydrofobicity, water absorption and evaporation, were evaluated primarily. According to the test results, all four consolidants should be suitable for consolidation of sandstones mentioned above even though the results varied slightly between consolidants. For final chose of appropriate consolidant, it is necessary to consider the properties of the treated sandstoned and the technological conditions of the application given by the manufacturer.
|
guest ::
