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PM2.5 field in the air of Družec village during heating season
Šmok, Dominik ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Kozáková, Jana (referee)
Residential heating by solid fuel combustion in small settlements has great potential to degrade air quality, especially PM2.5 emissions, during the winter heating season, to such an extent, that WHO and US-EPA limits for PM2.5 are frequently exceeded. There were found significant temporal variability and spatial heterogeneity of the PM2.5 concentration field. 24h limit for PM2.5 (US-EPA, 35 μg∙m-3) using a stationary network of 6 monitors measuring minute concentration of PM2.5, In the village Družec, Kladno district, during the 14-day measuring campaign. Campaign average exceeded the limit at the primary school garden. In the other sites, the limit was usually exceeded occasionally except one day, when the limit exceedance was recorded in all the sites as well at the whole area of the Czech Republic. The analysis of time course of minute values of PM2.5 shows that the residential heating increased PM2.5 concentrations on average by 61-72% (16-25 g∙m-3) or 40-49% (6-10 g∙m-3) at exposed or background sites respectively; PM2.5 values decreased exponentially with wind speed up to 2 m∙s-1, when they stabilized at 8-16 g∙m-3. At the microscale of the village, there were also found spatial and temporal heterogeneity of PM2.5 and aerosol particle concentrations PNC using by mobile measurement of PNC...
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Transgenic mouse: Experimental model for study of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Kozáková, Jana ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Lenčo, Juraj (referee)
The TEL and AML1 genes occur in a markedly high numer of different aberrations in heamatological malignancies. We studied TEL/AML hybride gene in transgenic mice model, translocation t(12;21)(p13;q22). This hybride gene was searched by PCR methode in 76 individuals. After, they were examined for presence of mRNA of fusion gen TEL/AML1 using RQ-RT-PCR. Compared the blood cell analysis of transgenic and non-transgenic mice, we searched difference in the erytrocyte, lymphocyte, trombocyte count and lymphocyte ratio in peripheral blood. The TEL/AML1 positive Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is B cell precursor leukemia, therefor we used cytofloumetric analysis for study the ratio of the B lymphocytes of transgenic and non-transgenic mice.Then, we observed the leukemic cell marker of pre-B lymphocytes (B220+ /CD43+ ). Presence of the pre-B lymphocytes in peripheral blood show incomplete differenciation and proliferation of B lymphocytes, cosequently leucemogenesis.
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Variability of hydropedological characteristics in model catchments of Blanice River headwater area
Kozáková, Jana ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Královec, Václav (referee)
In this thesis are based on the scientific literature defined selected hydropedologic characteristics and is described their impact on motion and amount of water.in the soil and also on the runoff process. In this thesis are quoted methods that can be used for measuring motion and amount of water. Data obtained on several field campaigns and continuous measurement of soil moisture sensors Virrib was processed. Field campaign took place in catchments of Zbytinský and Tetřívčí stream, which are paired comparative experimental catchments. The continuous soil moisture was measured at three places, which differ in their vegetation and soil cover. Data Analysis was concentrate to evaluate soil moisture measured by Virrib, which were compared to soil moisture determined during field campaigns. The continuous soil moisture was measured at three places, which differ in their vegetation and soil cover. The results show that differences and similarities in the vegetation and soil cover greatly reflect on soil moisture. Subsequent comparison of two differently obtained soil moisture should show that the values obtained from Virrib are representative. But comparations of values discover, that in Virrib measurement can be found some inaccuracies. Keywords: hydropedological characteristics, runoff process,...
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Variability of hydropedological characteristics of soil type in the catchment of Tetřívčí brook
Kozáková, Jana ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
This thesis deals with the evaluation of hydrological properties variability of soils in forest catchment Tetřívčí brook in the source area Blanice based on selected hydropedological characteristics with respect to soil type, vegetation cover and character of slope. The selected hydropedological characteristics are maximum capillary water capacity, full water capacity, soil infiltration capability - infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration and retention potential of soils. In sum of seven soil subtypes found in forest (coniferous, deciduous and mixed) and meadow (cut and non-maintained) and on the different slope (three categories) were studied in the catchment area. This thesis is built on bachelor thesis, which dealt with the variability of hydropedological characteristics in the experimental pair comparison basins of Tetřívčí and Zbytinský brook. In the thesis were used mainly the measured data obtained from repeated field campaigns in pre- selected sites and data from the database of experimental catchments of Zbytiny. In the selected sites were made soil probes, soil samples were taken using Kopecky cylinders and infiltration measured by a single-cylinder infiltrometer. By laboratory determination and calculation, selected hydropedological characteristics were obtained. The results were...
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Study of size-resolved atmospheric aerosol using cascade impactors
Kozáková, Jana ; Schwarz, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vojtíšek, Michal (referee) ; Krejci, Radovan (referee)
This dissertation includes two main research projects: 1) the investigation of the intermodal fraction and 2) the influence of regional air pollution transport on Ostrava. Introduction and aim of the first project. Fine and coarse particulate matter (PM) of atmospheric aerosol are considered as separate pollutants and overlap in the particle size range of about 1 - 2.5 μm (aerodynamic diameter dae; PM1-2.5) which represents the intermodal fraction. Sources of both fine and coarse fractions contribute to PM1-2.5 to different extents due to changing meteorological and spatial conditions. Therefore, there is an ongoing discussion as to whether PM1 should be included for monitoring as an additional fine particulate pollutant by the ambient air quality standard. The intrusion of the one fraction to the other one can lead to some inaccuracies in the source apportionment, epidemiological and exposure studies. The aim of the first project was to examine the associations between PM1-2.5 and the coarse (PM2.5-10 or PM>2.5)/fine (PM1) fraction under different meteorological conditions at various sites in the Czech Republic during winter and summer seasons. Introduction and aim of the second project. The EU air quality standards have been frequently exceeded in one of the European air pollution hot spots:...
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PM10 hot-spot identification and characterisation in Prague 7 city district
Nechvátalová, Karolína ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Kozáková, Jana (referee)
Many cities suffer from poor air quality as they concentrate a large number of anthropogenic sources of air pollution, especially aerosol particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 m, PM10. Due to high urbanization, more than 50 % of the world population is exposed to urban PM10. Exposure to elevated PM10 can cause respiratory and cardiovascular diseases or premature deaths. Therefore, the Prague 7 city district concluded an agreement with the Laboratory for Air Quality Studies (Charles University, Faculty of Science) to perform detailed spatial and temporal PM10 concentrations survey on its territory. For this purpose, mobile measurements of PM10 were performed in Prague 7. The study area was divided into 6 smaller localities. One fixed route (3,4-4,5 km) was determined at each locality. In the period from December 2019 to May 2020, a total of 174 errands were performed during 10 days, regularly at 8:00, 12:00 and 17:00. The team members conducted prescribed walks with DustTrak and Garmin GPS devices, which detected every second the PM10 mass concentrations and the exact location for a purpose to synchronize the PM10 data with the detection site. Meteorological conditions were recorded by a professional meteorological station. During most of the observed days, PM10 concentrations in...
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Protection of a child as a subject of human rights within the scope of international and European Union regulation of international abductions
Kozáková, Jana ; Scheu, Harald Christian (advisor) ; Svobodová, Magdaléna (referee)
The diploma thesis is entitled "Protection of a child as a subject of human rights within the scope of international and European Union regulation of international abductions" and deals with the position of a child within the legal norms governing human rights, children's rights and international child abductions. The thesis examines how a child is viewed, whereas as an object or as a subject of rights. The thesis is divided into three chapters, which gradually move from a general explanation of the basic concepts to the specific regulation of the child's position within the framework of international child abductions. The first chapter defines the basic concepts of the object and subject of human rights, generally analyses the position of a man as a subject of international human rights regulation and subsequently the position of a child as a specific category of human rights protection. Finally, the first chapter answers the question of how the concepts of object and subject of human rights differ. The second chapter deals with the legal standards governing the protection of human rights with the emphasis on the protection of the child as a human rights subject. The presented legal standards are analysed from the perspective of the regulation of children's rights and international child...
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