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Resynthesis of oilseed rape from Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea
Klíma, Miroslav ; Hilgert-Delgado, Alois ; Ulvrová, Tereza ; Bryxová, Pavla ; Vítámvás, Pavel ; Prášil, Ilja Tom ; Kosová, Klára
In order to extend the variability of the genofond, so-called resynthesis can be used, when new genotypes are created by crossing selected Brassica rapa and B. oleracea, by early isolation of immature embryos from young eggs and their in vitro fertilization (Hilgert-Delgado et al., 2015). It has been shown that resyntetized genotypes are distinct from rape materials grown at present (Sosnowska et al., 2010), so that they can serve as a source of new variability in breeding programs focusing on cytoplasmic and pollen sterility, resistance to pathogens and tolerance to stresses (Warwick et al., 2009). Representatives of the initial components are characterized by wide variability in terms of morphology and agronomic characteristics, and are a prospective source of heterosis and other traits (Wu et al. The use of resyntetized genotypes for the direct production of rapeseed varieties is not possible due to the poor quality of the seed of these materials. It is mainly the high content of glucosinolates and erucic acid, typical of most of the initial components (Jesske et al., 2013). However, the required properties can be transferred by crossing to conventional breeding materials (Hilgert-Delgado et al., 2017).
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Relationships between vernalization, frost tolerance and expression f dehydrins in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Kosová, Klára ; Prášil, Ilja (advisor) ; Kamínek, Miroslav (referee) ; Chloupek, Oldřich (referee)
.l Rukopis I The relationshipbetweenvernalization-and photoperiodicallv-regulatedsenesand the developmentof frost tolerancein wheat and barlev Kosová,K., Prášil,I.T.'Vítámvás,P. BiologiaPlantarum52(): 601-615,2008 Abstract The review summarizes the level of current knowledge of impacts of vernalization and photoperiodon the induction and maintenanceof frost tolerance(FrT) in wheat and barley. The phenomenonof vernalizationis briefly describedandthe major vernalization(VRtrtr)loci are characterised.Yemalization requirementand the threemajor growth habits of Triticeae (facultative,winter and spring) are deťrnedon the basis of the two-locus VRN-2IVRN-I epistaticmodel. Major photoperiodicallyregulatedgenes,which influencethe transitionto flowering, are characterisedand their interactionswith /fiN genesare briefly discussed.The phenomenonof inductionof FrT duringtheprocessof cold acclimation(CA) is describedand themajorcold-inducedCorlLea genesarelisted.Importantregulatorymechanisms,r.e.,CBF pathway,controllingthe expressionof Corllea genesundercold, are discussed.The major loci affecting the development of FrT in Triticeae, the Fr loci, are characterised.In conclusion,currentprogressin thisresearchfield is summarizedandnew questionsarisingin theareaareformulated. l ) .l .l Ťa I ! .a Ý I 2l I I Rukopis 2 The...
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