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Analysis of fertility decline in Vietnam in the context of population policy and in comparison with China
Papřoková, Petra ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Analysis of fertility decline in Vietnam in the context of population policy and in comparison with China Abstract Vietnam was unified in 1976 after a 20-year war which left the country devastated. Since that time, Vietnam has experienced dynamic population changes. The Government has introduced an interesting population policy with successful programs. From the end of the 80s until the beginning of the 21st century, Vietnam experienced a huge decline in fertility, one of the most significant in the world. Today, total fertility rate fluctuates around replacement level. This thesis analyzes changes in fertility in Vietnam in the context of implementing population policy. Furthermore, it compares fertility decline and population policy influence with the situation in China, where a similar policy has been applied. Keywords: Vietnam, China, population policy, fertility decline, induced abortions
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Analysis of fertility postponement and recuperation in Czechia based on the cohort approach
Ženíšková, Aneta ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
The main objective of this work is a cohort analysis of postponement and recuperation of fertility in the Czech Republic after 1960. Two methods were used for this purpose - basic benchmark model and relational model. The essence of the basic benchmark model is comparison of cohort cumulative fertility deviations between chosen benchmark cohort of women and other cohorts. The relational model is based on the cohort cumulative fertility deviations of cohorts from the chosen cohort related to the schedule of national standard deviations. The significant shifts in the timing of childbearing were revealed. While the first order is characterized by early fertility decline and subsequent significant fertility recuperation, the second order is characterized by a further decrease in fertility with slight recuperation. However, fertility of third and higher order continues to decline and has been found out. practically no recuperation. The second part of this work describes the respondents' answers to questions about timing of parenting. The main findings are that decisions about parenting is most influenced by whether respondents have a suitable partner, private housing and are financially secure. Most respondents postpone the birth of their first child due to the absence of a suitable partner, resp....
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Fertility level and labour force participation of women in selected countries
Kudrnová, Pavlína ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Fertility level and labour force participation of women in selected countries Abstract The objective of this thesis is to analyze the position of women in the family and in the labour market in selected countries representing different models of family policy. More countries were selected within some models in connection with the specific features related to these states. The analyzed countries are the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Thesis focuses on comparing the position of countries with regard to the fertility level and female employment, to the conditions for the reconciliation of work and family life and to the attitudes and opinions of respondents concerning issues of gender equality, equal opportunities and mothers' employment. The first part presents the changes in the position of women and in family behaviour that took place in the 20th century and factors that influence fertility and labour force participation of women. The second part deals with analysis of fertility, female employment and the relationship between them and also deals with the comparative analysis of the conditions for reconciliation of work and family life. Subsequently, on the basis of data from the survey European Values Study and Eurobarometer,...
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Comparison of population development in the Czech and Slovak Republic
Burock, Jan ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Šídlo, Luděk (referee)
Porovnání populačního vývoje ČR a SR od roku 1993 Abstrakt Cílem této práce je analyzovat populační vývoj v Česku a na Slovensku po roce 1993 a zjistit, zda v tomto období došlo ke konvergenci (sbližování) či k divergenci (oddálení) ve vývoji jednotlivých složek populačního vývoje. Mimo samostatnou demografickou analýzu těchto složek se práce pokouší sledovat i širší podmíněnosti vývoje jednotlivých složek. V analytické části je součástí také zhodnocení vývoje před rokem 1993. Těžiště srovnání spočívá v analýze jednotlivých složek populačního vývoje po roce 1993. Z analýzy vyplývá, že v obou státech byly po roce 1993 zaznamenány podobné trendy, nicméně ve všech třech složkách docházelo k mírnému zvětšování rozdílů mezi Českem a Slovenskem. Klíčová slova: Česko, Slovensko, populační vývoj, plodnost, úmrtnost, migrace
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Comparison of baby boom in the 1970s and in the 2000s in the Czech Republic
Oplatková, Barbora ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Comparison of baby boom in the 1970s and in the 2000s in the Czech Republic Abstract We could have registered two significant periods of sudden growth of live-born children in the Czech Republic after year 1945, in the 1970s and in the 2000s. The main aim of this thesis is to compare the periods of baby-boom in 1969-1979 and 2001-2011. The population policy and population climate was compared. The indicators of fertility were counted using demographic analysis methods. The indicators helped identify the process of baby-booms. The improvement of financial and housing situation of young families in both periods had the main influence on the growth of live-born children. The growth of natality was mainly influenced by the increased number of young women in reproduction age. The results confirmed that the well targeted population policy can improve the population climate and subsequently increase the growth of live-born children. Keywords: baby boom, population policy, population climate, fertility, the Czech Republic
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Migration policy and its role in implementation of population development strategy of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Saparbekova, Ainur ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee) ; Pavlík, Zdeněk (referee)
Migration policy and its role in implementation of population development strategy of the Republic of Kazakhstan Abstract This work addresses the issues of migration policy and its role in population development of Kazakhstan. Migration and demographic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan had become prominent subjects of strategic policy under the new geopolitical reality and socio-economic development since the early 1990s. The intensive outflow of population during this period resulted in change of different quantitative as well as qualitative population characteristics. At the same time, the ethno-demographic disproportions maintained in the previous decades speeded up the "nation-building" process which was represented namely by policy on ethnic return migration. Thus, under these circumstances migration and demographic policies were placed among the priority issues of national security of the RK. In this contexts, the analysis presented in the submitted disseartion displays the effect of migration flows on demographic, socio- economic and ethnic composition of population. It considers the effect of policy measures on managing migration processes. The thesis finally analyzes the role of migration policy in demographic development of the country which has been closely connected with the strategic...
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The Impact of Having Siblings on Early Female Marriage: Evidence from Mali and Sierra Leone
Merglová, Eva ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
The Impact of Having Siblings on Early Female Marriage: Evidence from Mali and Sierra Leone Abstract Early female marriage is perceived as a persisting problem of many less-developed countries, that brings various negative consequences not only for girls but also for the society as a whole. The main objective of this bachelor thesis is to contribute to the research on possible risk factors of this traditional practice. Specifically, it investigates whether and how the number of siblings affects the probability of a girl getting married or entering into cohabiting union before her 18th birthday. Parental incentives underpinning early female marriage are discussed mainly in relation to the theory of intra-household resource allocation and sibling rivalry. Special attention is paid to the impact of sibling age structure on household decision-making process about daughters' marriage timing. Consequently, an empirical test is conducted for two West African countries, Mali and Sierra Leone, using data from the latest available Demographic and Health Surveys. Based on the empirical analysis of this data, there is no evidence that the total number of siblings or their age structure has any significant impact on the probability of a girl getting married or entering into union early in the countries under study.
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Patterns of induced abortion in the Czech Republic, France, Italy, and Sweden
Mistrová, Aneta ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
Goal of this diploma thesis is to present trends of induced abortions attitudes towards abortion in four European countries at the end of 20th century and beginning of 21st century. At first, study mentions definitions and legislations related to induced abortions. Furthemore there is mentioned methodology which is used in this study. In this part issue of international comparison of induced abortion is emphasized. Introduction into matter of induced abortion is provided by next part and it includes continuity with anticonception. Afterthat analysis of induced abortions follows. There is briefly mentioned long-range development in the Czech Republic, France, Italy and Sweden and then scope is dedicated to induced abortion patterns by age of women. These trends are represented by rates and ratios. At the end of this part is mentioned average age of woman at induced abortion. On the basis of international survey European Values Study, was examined public attitude in chosen European countries towards induced abortions. Next to last part is devoted to this topic. At the beginning of this part are used variables and basic hypothesis. Respondent's attitudes are analysed not only by descriptive statistics but also by binary logistic regression and GLM. In conclusion are summarized the main findings of this diploma...
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Comparison of marital behaviour in the Czech and Slovak Republic since 1993
Bedřichová, Eva ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Comparison of marital behaviour in the Czech and Slovak Republic since 1993 Abstract: This thesis deals with nuptiality in the Czech and Slovak Republic after the year 1993. The intention is to compare trends in intensity and timing of nuptiality in both countries and to describe the causes of changes. The main goal based on the analysis is to determine whether convergence or divergence of marital behaviour in both countries has occurred. The analysis involves study of trends in nuptiality before 1993 and based on nuptiality life tables of unmarried for period after 1993. Based on the results, divergence of marital behaviour has occurred in both countries after 1993. This study concerns Second Demographic Transition, population climate changes and family policy. Also similar historical, cultural and economic conditions that have possibly affected the marital behaviour are discussed. Keywords: marital behaviour, nuptiality intensity, timing of nuptiality, nuptiality life tables of unmarried
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Regional differences in fertility of teenage woman in the Czech Republic
Vokatá, Petra ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyse the changes in reproductive behaviour of young girls under the age of 20 between the following periods 1987-1989, 1998-2000 and 2009-2011. Theoretical part describes the circumstances of early parenthood and concentrates on the influence of legislative circumstances of maternity. Since 1990s other changes have occured as regards fertility behaviour of young women which was influenced by new value system. The decrease in total fertility rate as well as postponement in childbearing are the main characteristic features of the Czech population. Regional analysis has revealed that Prague region and Ústecký region belong to the regions with the lowest and the highest value of fertility rate of women under the age of 20.
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