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Influence of anatomical parameters on development of non-traumatical knee pain
Palouš, Vojtěch ; Kautzner, Jakub (advisor) ; Zahradník, Petr (referee)
This thesis focuses on measurement of anatomical parameters of lower limb in patients with non-traumatical anterior knee pain. Theoretical part of this work describes basic anatomical, kinesiological and biomechanical knowledge about lower limb. Also there are described basic non-traumatical pathologies of knee and how to assess them. Methodology: in experimental part there were examined and measured these parameters: Q angel, foot pronation and range of hip rotation of 28 sportsmen, of which 7 had unilateral anterior knee pain and 4 had bilateral anterior knee with no previous traumatic experience of the knee. Assessing of angles was made through photographic goniometry using Adobe Illustrator to measure angles on digital pictures. Results: the work did not confirm any of hypothesis, that a statistically significant deviation would be found in patients with anterior knee pain compared to heathy population in at least one of the measured parameters. However further analysis of measured data showed statistically significant correlations between foot pronation and range of internal hip rotation and Q angle and range of external hip rotation both in patients with anterior knee pain compared to healthy population where no such correlation was found. Conclusion: This work suggests existence of connection between...
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skeletal adaptations for bipedal locomotion and its possible effect on knee joint injuries
Karban, Tomáš ; Kautzner, Jakub (advisor) ; Hora, Martin (referee)
The subject of this Bachelor's Thesis is the change of locomotor pattern in human ancestors, which led to habitual bipedalism and associated skeletal adaptations, that changed functions of specific body parts. The main focus is on adaptations that adjusted the function of the knee joint, either directly by changing the anatomical structure in the knee area, or indirectly, for example, by increasing the tension in muscles or tendons due to weight transfer to the lower limb. Given adaptations are then a criterion for evaluating possible influence on typical knee injuries in modern human. Key words Bipedalism, locomotion, human, chimpanzee, injury, knee joint, knee, adaptation, evolution, anatomy
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Evolutionary development of the knee joint in relation to stability and injuries
Karban, Tomáš ; Kautzner, Jakub (advisor) ; Hora, Martin (referee)
5 Abstract Knee joint (articulatio genus) is the most complicated joint in human body from the anatomical view. Knee joint is compound, hinge joint, gynglimus, which has a major role in movement of the lower limb. Knee joint is related to the transfer of body weight in horizontal (walking, running) and vertical (jumping) direction. Knee joint is also the biggest joint in the human body, which is characterized by three bones: femur, tibia, patella. The greatest intervention of evolutionary development of human beings on to the knee joint is transition from four-legged walk to two-legged walk (bipedalism). The basic shape of the human knee joint is very similar to knee joints of chimpanzees however chimpanzees do not have problems with injuries typical to humans. The difference between them is in the angle of the knee joint caused by bipedalism movement. Chimpanzees hold the center of gravity in front of their hips and the knee joint clutches the angle of 70ř with the hips. On the other hand, knee joint of humans has the angle of 170ř, which causes more pressure to the knee joint and therefore is more vulnerable to injuries. Knee joint does not meet the demands of a modern man that overloads it with sports performance or pressures it with body weight impact from obesity. This overloading does not occur in...
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Biomechanical and clinical evaluation of different reconstruction techniques of the anterior cruciate ligament
Kautzner, Jakub ; Havlas, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Podškubka, Aleš (referee) ; Skála-Rosenbaum, Jiří (referee)
Aim: This disertation study was divided into two main topics, clinical trial and biomechanical experiment. The aim of clinical part was to evaluate and compare clinical outcomes after ACL reconstruction using two main types of autografts in woman patients. Eperimental part of the study was designed to investigate the effect of graft interaction with the fixation material on biomechanical properties of the graft. Methods: In clinical part of the study 150 female patients after ACL reconstruction after 2 years postoperatively. Clinical results based on Tegner-Lysholm score, knee laxity and anterior knee pain were recorded for both groups and then compared. Experimental part of the study was designed to evaluate the biomechanical properties of hamstring grafts using load-to failure impaction testing using laser vibrometer. The effect of graft's structure damage on the biomechanical properties of the graft was tested. Results: Tegner-Lysholm score improved in both observed groups, there was no significant difference in results between both groups at 2 years postoperatively. The experimantal part of the study supported the hypothesis that the biomechanical properties will be significantly affected by the interaction with the fixation device Conclusion: Clinical results show no difference between the two...
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