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Homosexuality in primates
Falladová, Josefína ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Kuběnová, Barbora (referee)
Homosexual interactions were documented in more than 50 primate species, including humans. Homosexual behaviour is defined as either genital contact, genital manipulation or combination of both between same-sex individuals. The aim of this thesis is to systematically summarize the past knowledge of homosexual behavior in primates and critically analyze its possible functions. Homosexual behaviour varies in frequency, context and form in which this behaviour occurs, both between species, between males and females and during ontogenesis. I summarise not only studies looking recording homosexual behaviour in different primate species, but also regarding its form and the circumstances under which such behaviour occurs. Furthermore, in this thesis I introduce several sociosexual functions explaining homosexual behaviour, which are described most frequently: 1) dominance assertion, 2) tension regulation, 3) reconciliation, 4) alliance formation and social-bonding and 5) training for heterosexual mating. Sexual/hedonic aspects of this behaviour also form significant part of homosexual interactions. Possible functions of homosexual behaviour do not clearly point to a single explanation, homosexual behaviour could be multifunctional similarly to humans. Keywords: homosexual behaviour, homosexuality,...
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Infant handling in male Barbary macaques
KUBĚNOVÁ, Barbora
Non-maternal manipulation of infants also called infant handling in male Barbary macaques attracts scientific attention due to its intensity in combination with promiscuity of the species that should select against paternal care. This PhD thesis consists of four studies that investigate male infant handling in wild group of Barbary macaques in Morocco. The studies are based on original data and the results provide new information about the behaviour and thus significantly contribute to its explanation. First, we offer new insights into the relationship between distribution of mating and infant handling, and ask whether it can be better explained by paternal effort or future mating success with infants' mothers. Second, we broaden the range of explanations beyond the original hypothesis of relationship management for male-infant-male interactions. Third, we focus on the question whether males use knowledge of third party relationship when distributing infant handling interactions. Fourth, we demonstrate how care of infants can surprisingly contribute to the reintroduction of an infant who is not native in its group.
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