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Nové trendy prevence infekcí spojených se zdravotní péčí v ošetřovatelské praxi
KRAUSE, Martin
The aim of the dissertation thesis was to find out risky objects and surfaces used in the provision of nursing care in terms of transmission of healthcare associated infections. Another aim was to find out the current state of knowledge of nurses about the disinfection of objects and surfaces in the provision of nursing care. The last aim was to find out the microbial efficiency of nanomaterial applied to selected objects and surfaces in nursing practice. The research was carried out at a selected provider of health services, i.e. a regional hospital. The aims were achieved using a qualitative and a quantitative research methods. Part of the research was carried out with financial support within the student grant competition. In the first part of the research, risky objects and surfaces that are used in the provision of nursing care at standard departments of the selected hospital were identified by qualitative research using the technique of unstructured observation. In the second part of the research, the knowledge of nurses working in the departments of internal medicine and surgery in the principles of disinfection was found out by quantitative research using the questionnaire technique. Based on the results of the research, it was found out that the level of achieved knowledge depends on education, period of practice, age and department. However, knowledge is limited in some areas. In the third part of the research, the microbial efficiency of the nanomaterial applied to selected objects and surfaces (kidney dish, tray and box used to store medical material) was found out by quantitative research using an experiment. Based on the research results, it was found out that selected objects and surfaces with nanomaterial (antibacterial and hydrophobic nanolayer) showed bacterial contamination, i.e. it was not possible to demonstrate a statistically significant difference between bacterial contamination of objects and surfaces with and without nanomaterial. Further analysis revealed that, for example, kidney dishes would be contaminated with bacteria in 31.3% or trays in 38.1%. It was also found out that some objects and surfaces were also contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter cloacae or Serratia rubidaea. The results show that adherence to decontamination of objects and surfaces, especially high touch objects and surfaces, it is important to pay attention at all times, to improve knowledge and skills of nurses involved in providing care to patients and seek new ways to implement preventive measures to minimize transmission of healthcare associated infections. The dissertation thesis thus provides an insight into the prevention of healthcare associated infections problematics in the context of the use of reusable high touch objects and surfaces requiring chemical disinfection in the provision of nursing care. It also provides evidence for compliance with binding hygienic-epidemiological measures and verification of new possibilities for reducing the risk of transmission of healthcare associated infections. The dissertation thesis is beneficial in the field of education, practice, but also for further research in this problematics.
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Problems of healthcare-associated infection in selected nursing activities
KRAUSE, Martin
The diploma thesis deals with problems of healthcare-associated infection in selected nursing activities. The thesis is a theoretical one; it has been processed by means of review and synthesis. In this thesis, four objectives were set, namely to create a comprehensive overview of the problems of healthcare-associated infection in selected nursing activities. Other objectives were to map and analyze clinically relevant sites of transmission and possibilities of prevention of healthcare-associated infection in selected nursing activities and to propose recommendations for the prevention of these infections. The thesis is divided into several chapters that deal with the characteristics of healthcare-associated infection, focusing on the causative agents, formation, spreading and prevention. It also deals with particular nursing activities. The first chosen activity was the care of medical devices intended for repeated use, with a particular focus on the implementation of their disinfection. Secondly, hand sanitation as a basic factor affecting the transmission of healthcare-associated infection activity was selected. This chapter deals primarily with the hygienic hand disinfection, its indications, methods and implementation of disinfection products. It also deals with strategies for improving hand hygiene and glove use in providing nursing care. As the third nursing activity, aseptic techniques, which are an essential part in providing nursing care, were chosen. The thesis describes three specific clinical nursing procedures: aseptic collection of venous blood from a peripheral vein, preparation and administration of a drug into an existing peripheral venous catheter, and uncomplicated (aseptic) wounds dressing. Processing of the thesis was based on a range of relevant sources from the Czech Republic but also from abroad. It also contains various recommendations of national and international institutions. The thesis can serve as a basis for more effective prevention of healthcare-associated infection in certain areas.
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