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Effect of selected pathological states on mitochondrial function in mammalian cells and tissuesMitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis
Kohoutová, Michaela
Sepsis, or life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by deregulated host response to the presence of infection, is one of the most significant causes of death caused by infection diseases worldwide. 31.5 million patients get sick with sepsis annually and 5.3 million of them die. Sepsis is characterised by homeostatic dysbalance, which can lead to septic shock or even to death. Sepsis may also result in development of multiorgan dysfunction or damage to several organs at the same time. Especially heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, central nervous system and blood elements belong among the organs affected by sepsis. One of the most affected organs is the heart, impairment of which is accompanied with the development of myocardial depression, which contributes to the increase of mortality from sepsis. The precise mechanisms leading to septic myocardial depression have not been fully explained yet, nevertheless mitochondria appear to play an important role in this process. Due to sepsis, many mitochondrial functions are disrupted, which is subsequently manifested by the depletion of cellular energy stores, resulting in myocardial depression. In our laboratories, we managed to create a clinically relevant model of sepsis and septic shock, specifically sepsis caused by fecal peritonitis in domestic pigs, that...
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Postauditing in the EIA process
Kohoutová, Michaela ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Lipský, Zdeněk (referee)
Environmental impact assessment (EIA), its key principles and aspects, these are themes discussed worldwide. EIA is useful as an environmental prevention tool but its effectiveness is seen in many cases in a bad light. The causes of the inconsistency between an opinion and the subsequent actual state are manifold and as we can see in the academic literature, it is becoming increasingly necessary to examine the need for monitoring and post-project analysis. Measures for reducing environment risks through monitoring and post-analysis, together with EIA opinions and assessments of its accuracy, are becoming important themes mentioned in the scientific journals. This work comprises a consideration of the choice of adequate methods and initial questions whose correctness is crucial for a successful prediction. Effectiveness of the EIA process depends on an appropriate methodology, existence of data in EIA documentation and other aspects, which are often discussed in the scientific literature. The object of this work is to define the environmental impact assessment (project analysis) in relation to the actual state of the territory (post-project analysis), to describe the advent and the historical aspects of environmental impact assessment in the Czech Republic and abroad, and to compare the correctness and...
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Effect of Selected Pathological States on Mitochondrial Function in Mammalian Cells and Tissues
Kohoutová, Michaela ; Kuncová, Jitka (advisor) ; Červinková, Zuzana (referee) ; Ferko, Miroslav (referee)
Sepsis, or life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by deregulated host response to the presence of infection, is one of the most significant causes of death caused by infection diseases worldwide. 31.5 million patients get sick with sepsis annually and 5.3 million of them die. Sepsis is characterised by homeostatic dysbalance, which can lead to septic shock or even to death. Sepsis may also result in development of multiorgan dysfunction or damage to several organs at the same time. Especially heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, central nervous system and blood elements belong among the organs affected by sepsis. One of the most affected organs is the heart, impairment of which is accompanied with the development of myocardial depression, which contributes to the increase of mortality from sepsis. The precise mechanisms leading to septic myocardial depression have not been fully explained yet, nevertheless mitochondria appear to play an important role in this process. Due to sepsis, many mitochondrial functions are disrupted, which is subsequently manifested by the depletion of cellular energy stores, resulting in myocardial depression. In our laboratories, we managed to create a clinically relevant model of sepsis and septic shock, specifically sepsis caused by fecal peritonitis in domestic pigs, that...
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Škůdci ovocných dřevin na Brněnsku v různých podmínkách pěstování
Kohoutová, Michaela
Bachelor thesis is focused on observation of pests of apple and plum trees on three areas around Brno. Monitoring has taken place during vegetation period 2015 by visual inspection. Eleven species of insects were observered, six of them were registered on apple trees and five on plum trees. Anthonomus pomorum was detected on every place which caused big damage on the first place. Aphis pomi was another major pest of the first post. Cydia pomonella and Hoplocampa testudinea had the biggest impact on the second post. Tatianaerhynchites aequatus and Hedya nubiferana were not so significant. Plum trees were much damaged by Vespula vulgaris and Vespa crabro. Less damage was made by Operophtera brumata. The least damage was caused by Grapholita funebrana, Hyalopterus pruni and Parthenolecanium corni.
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Study of selected apects of protein modification by β-N-acetylglucosamine
Bittenglová, Kateřina ; Hansíková, Hana (advisor) ; Kohoutová, Michaela (referee)
Glycosylation O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is post-translational modification of proteins, regulated by β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (OGT) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA). This intracellular glycosylation differs from the other glycosylation types - it is dynamically regulated, similarly to phosphorylation, β-N-acetylglucosamine serves as a nutrient and stress sensor in cell. Chronically dysregulated O-linked glycosylation by GlcNAc is associated with pathology of various diseases, such as diabetes mellitus type II, oncological and neurodegenerative diseases. Expression of enzymes OGT and OGA is very sensitive for homeostasis of GlcNAc, which is the product of hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. Changes in expressions of these ezymes could be used as a potencial blood marker, e.g. in early stage of diabetes. The aim of this master thesis was to study changes in expression of genes encoding ezymes OGT and OGA in cohort of obese patients in comparison with healthy controls and also to compare the state before and after change of lifestyle (loosing weight). Analysed cohort comprised of 34 samples of isolated lymphocytes from peripheral blood from obese adolescent patients and 80 samples of adults patients. RNA was isolated by TriReagent, quantification of the expression of mRNA was...
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Dolichol content analysis by mass spectrometry in urine from patients with congenital disorders of glycosylation
Zdražilová, Lucie ; Hansíková, Hana (advisor) ; Kohoutová, Michaela (referee)
Dolichol is a membrane lipid, which carries monnosaccharides and glycans for N-linked protein glycosylation and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis occuring in endoplasmic reticulum. Its structure is composed of isoprenoid units. Dolichol is present in all tissues and in most of the membrane organelles of eukaryotic cells. Recently some types of congenital disorders of glycosylation have been described as a consequence of dolichol biosynthesis and metabolism defects, which are not detectable by standard methods. The aim of this diploma thesis was to analyze dolichol content in urine and in different tissues from patients with deficiency in dolichol biosynthesis by mass spectrometry and to study the impact of these defects on energetic metabolism. Biological material for this study consisted of urine samples from 76 controls with age ranging from 1 months to 81 years, 6 patients with congenital disorders of glycosylation and 43 patients with suspicion of congenital disorder of glycosylation; samples of frontal cortex, liver, muscle and heart tissues from 2 patients with mutation in NUS1 gene and controls. Urine samples were stored at -20 řC and tissue homogenates were stored in -80 řC until analysis. Lipid fraction after extraction was separated by liquid chromatography. Dolichols were...
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The role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease
Řeháková, Kateřina ; Hansíková, Hana (advisor) ; Kohoutová, Michaela (referee)
Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disease affecting the nervous system. It is caused by the mutation of the huntingtin protein coding gene. The mutation is manifested by the multiplication of CAG triplets. Huntingtin is present more in the cytoplasm. It interacts with many proteins and has roles also in transcription and cell transport. Huntingtin also participates in correct regulation of embryonic development and development of nerve tissue. Mutant huntingtin causes oxidative stress, mitochondrial biogenesis and OXPHOS disorders. Diagnosis of Huntington's disease is based on a laboratory examination of the presence of an allele predisposing to the disease. Clinical imaging is also an important part of diagnostics. The patient exhibits uncontrollable choreatic body movements and dementia. The aim of the thesis was to describe the main characteristics of Huntington's disease with the focus of HD on mitochondrial energy metabolism. In the practical part, the aim was to analyze mitochondrial respiration by high resolution polarography in a set of 3 fibroblast lines from patients with Huntington's disease. Polarographic analyses showed that respiration of HD fibroblasts was decreased in comparison with controls. We found that complex II of oxidative phosphorylation was most affected in HD...
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Postauditing in the EIA process
Kohoutová, Michaela ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Lipský, Zdeněk (referee)
Environmental impact assessment (EIA), its key principles and aspects, these are themes discussed worldwide. EIA is useful as an environmental prevention tool but its effectiveness is seen in many cases in a bad light. The causes of the inconsistency between an opinion and the subsequent actual state are manifold and as we can see in the academic literature, it is becoming increasingly necessary to examine the need for monitoring and post-project analysis. Measures for reducing environment risks through monitoring and post-analysis, together with EIA opinions and assessments of its accuracy, are becoming important themes mentioned in the scientific journals. This work comprises a consideration of the choice of adequate methods and initial questions whose correctness is crucial for a successful prediction. Effectiveness of the EIA process depends on an appropriate methodology, existence of data in EIA documentation and other aspects, which are often discussed in the scientific literature. The object of this work is to define the environmental impact assessment (project analysis) in relation to the actual state of the territory (post-project analysis), to describe the advent and the historical aspects of environmental impact assessment in the Czech Republic and abroad, and to compare the correctness and...
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Postauditing in the EIA process
Kohoutová, Michaela ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Lipský, Zdeněk (referee)
ABSTACT Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is an integral part of the protection of the environment. Although it is a tool which considers the impact on many different elements of the environment, the process also has many deficiencies. Because of its limitations, an audit has been forming since the beginning of EIA. An EIA audit evaluates the performance of an EIA by comparing actual impacts detected after the realization of the project to those that were predicted, those that were listed in the environmental impact statement. This paper will offer an insight into the EIA and the post-auditing process and contains three basic parts of these areas. The first part explores the EIA, its historical evolution and application in the Czech Republic. The second part will discuss the post-audit itself. In this part, the different post-auditing processes, which were carried out in different parts of the world, were chosen. Within the selected post-auditing, the predicted data from the environmental impact statements are statistically compared with resultant data from reality. It is therefore necessary to analyze the percentage given for how many predictions were wrong in a positive way, accurate or wrong in negative way. From different results of post-auditing, we can tell that only a small percentage of the...
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Harmonisation of Indirect Taxation in EU Law
KOHOUTOVÁ, Michaela
The work Harmonisation of Indirect Taxation in EU Law is divided into two parts. The first part of this paper is focused on the history of the European Union and the basic tax provisions from the beginning of the European Community to the present days of the European Union. The practical part primarily contains information about harmonisation of inderect taxation, value added tax and excise taxes. Closer attention is paid to the value added tax (VAT), because it is an important source of income for the member sta-tes, but also for the EU as a whole. This paper analyses the value added tax of the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakiac in detail and their differences. Finally, value ad-ded tax of these states are compared. Attention is paid to the applications of the value added tax when trading with other countries too.
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