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Territorial self-government in a comparative perspective: Japan and the Czech Republic
Křížek, Jakub ; Kopecký, Martin (advisor) ; Svoboda, Petr (referee)
The purpose of my research is to analyse the territorial self-government in Japan and the Czech Republic from a comparative perspective and provide an outline of the main differences and similarities between the legal conception of local and regional self- government in these two countries. The thesis is composed of ten chapters, each of them dealing with some typical features of the Japanese self-government, such as the constitutional foundations, the personal and territorial dimension of Japanese prefectures and municipalities etc. While the odd chapters are mainly analytical, the even chapters focus on a more detailed comparison of the aforementioned legal issues with their respective equivalents in the Czech law. The first two chapters deal with the question of the constitutional foundations of the territorial self-government in both countries, finding great similarities in both legal conceptions, the main difference being the express provision for direct election of mayors and governors in the Japanese one. Subsequently, the author gives an overview and detailed analysis of the so called basic elements of the self-government, namely population, territory and legal personality including the right to self-government. While the fundamental features of them may overlap in both countries,...
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The legal status of Japanese-Americans in the USA during the Second World War
Křížek, Jakub ; Labus, David (advisor) ; Sýkora, Jan (referee)
This Bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of suspension of Japanese Americans' civil rights during the Second World War, particularly on the West Coast of the U.S. The first part focuses primarily on the historical context and reasons to the problem, followed by a description of key legal rules framing the legal status of the Japanese minority in the U.S. and a description of their practical implementation. Finally the most important U.S. Supreme Court Decisions in this matter are introduced, including the most famous case concerning the Japanese Americans - Korematsu v. United States. The thesis also discusses briefly the process of rethinking the entire policy of discrimination in 1980s, resulting into an official apology of the American government accompanied by provision of redress and reparation for affected citizens.
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Trust Preferred Securities
Křížek, Jakub ; Dvořák, Petr (advisor) ; Janda, Karel (referee)
Jednou z možných odpovědí na vzrůstající kapitálové požadavky může být použití hybridního kapitálu. Hybridy jsou sofistikované a důmyslně strukturované instrumenty, které kombinují základní vlastnosti dluhu i equity. Kvalifikují se jako regulatorní TIER 1 kapitál a zároveň umožňují daňovou odečitatelnost dividendových plateb. Kvůli rostoucímu využívání hybridních instrumentů bankovní regulátoři sestavili řadu kritérií, která musí hybridní kapitál splňovat. Nejčastěji je posuzována jejich permanentnost, flexibilita dividendových plateb a schopnost absopce ztrát. Český regulatorní rámec zatím hybridní instrumenty nezná, ale s novou úpravou kapitálové přiměřenosti lze očekávat změnu v přístupu k tomuto druhu kapitálu. Modelovou aplikací hybridních instrumentů do kapitálové struktury skupiny ČSOB došlo ke zvýšení rentability vlastního kapitálu jak na úrovni skupiny, tak i na úrovni jednotlivých bank.
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