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Holocene environmental history of the Czech Karst on the basis of malacostratigraphic analyses
Hlaváč, Jaroslav ; Marek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Juřičková, Lucie (referee) ; Kovanda, Jiří (referee)
Introduction The faunal response to crimatic- and vegetal change during the HolocenelPostglacial) is known in far. r.t. a.ti'r,' although the information issufficient ťor certain amongst invertebrates f::'lť ^* ."*uT' regions. Molluscs are unusual potentrally be ","o t3"'i3;.::"'::;:.T *;:Í..Ti:,T$#T:j, ""*Ípalaeoenvironmental questions. rne mosi vatuable sequeň",?i^oliiou,rythose that are continuous' cover long periods of time and furnish fossilassemblages that faithfulty reflect tn.li"i"g ""mmunities, from whicrr trrey''r ere derived. Relatively few deposits "onřuini.'g molluscs fulfill all these :HÍ:^ but calcareous tufa áeposits ;;;^ thes. ..qui,"-.n;; ]; i".g" The czech Karst' formed by pareozoic limestone and rocated in the centrarpart of Bohemia between |.tl ana zaliě, is an area with numerousieposits of calcareous tufa. In this karst area about 70 localities are know "rhere calcareous tufa precipitates or was deposited in the past. (Kovanda]971: Ložek 1992;Kaď1ecoia a Žat, rqďsl. '"" Purpose of dissertation The purpose of submitted work is to give the characteristicpaleoenvironmental development of selected io"uiiti", in the Czech řarst'and to complete existing- knowledge utout it. environmentar developmentrn this karst area during Holocene p"eriod- --'- rnls worl( comes from data acquired from a...
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Mollusca of European cities
Wolfová, Lucie ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Drvotová, Magda (referee)
This bachelor thesis summarises knowledge of urban mollusc fauna. It shows cities as the centres of mollusc diversity in agricultural landscape but also as areas where high level of homogenization of mollusc assemblages were evidenced, therefore replacing native species, often endemics, with non-native and invasive species. Homogenization of urban mollusc fauna is especially caused by passive dispersal of species by human as well as to urban climate that is more favourable for spreading and surviving of non-native species, usually from warmer areas, than surrounding. There is mentioned another connected topic in this thesis - types of mollusc spreading. Furthermore, there is summarized which species of mollusc are typical for urban environment, what are the factors influencing the mollusc fauna and last but not least the methodological approaches for study of urban mollusc fauna.
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Diversity of the land snail genus Helix and its relatives (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Helicidae) from Mediterranean origins to postglacial Central Europe
Korábek, Ondřej ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Hausdorf, Bernardt (referee) ; Cameron, Robert A.D. (referee)
5 ABSTRACT The family Helicidae comprises the largest and most widely known land snails of the Western Palaearctic. Yet the knowledge of its diversity until recently relied largely on morphology-based taxonomic work from the early 20th century. Molecular phylogenetic data were needed to resolve several taxonomic issues and to understand the biogeographic history of the group. This thesis focuses on an Eastern Mediterranean group of helicid genera, and in particular on the type genus of the family, Helix Linnaeus, 1758. From exploring the diversity and relationships of Eastern Mediterranean and Anatolian lineages, this work follows them on their way from diversification centre up to the postglacial fauna of Central Europe. The results are based on analyses of sequences of mitochondrial genes, conchological examinations, and radiocarbon dating of Holocene subfossils. First, we compared the lineage diversity of Helix with the conclusions of a recently published morphology-based taxonomic revision. We assembled a representative dataset covering almost all species of the genus as now recognized, as well as most of potentially related genus-level taxa. We refined the genus limits, revealed several species whose delimitation may require further revision, and pointed out probable differences in how species are...
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Microhabitat diversity of mollusc communities of plain forest in Křivoklátsko PLA
Applová, Eliška ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Horáčková, Jitka (referee)
The thesis deals with the main factors influencing the presence of molluscs in the temperate forests located on a plain in the Křivoklátsko PLA. Křivoklátsko is very unique area of Central Europe because of its natural forests. In addition to that, molluscs can serve as bioindicators of a environmental quality. The research confirmed a significant dependence of the mollusc species diversity on site humidity, soil nutrients and soil reactions, using the Ellenberg indicator values. The results also proved the local dependence of mollusc abundance on moisture and the presence of large pieces of deadwood on the site, as the greatest number of individuals were found in the microhabitat "terrain depression", where the humidity of the environment is higher, and under a fallen tree (or at the bottom of a growing tree, if a dead log was not present at the location). The continuity of the plain forests of Křivoklátsko is probably the cause of a higher species diversity of molluscs, compared to similar types of forests in Central Europe.
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Passive dispersal of land snails (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) with focus on endodispersion via birds
Simonová, Jasna ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Pech, Pavel (referee)
The ability of land snail active dispersal is very limited. Despite that, they have colonized even very isolated habitats and some species are able to disperse relatively fast on continental scale. This used to be explained by passive dispersal, especially via birds. Land snails could be transported on bird's body (ectodispersion) as well as inside their digestive tract (endodispersion), but the direct evidence of these processes has been more likely anecdotal. A review concerning passive dispersal of land snails via birds with focus on endodispersion is presented in this bachelor thesis. The methodological aspects of experimental studies, including relevant insights of other organism's endodispersion studies, are discussed. Selected traits of land snails and their avian vectors which can affect success of endodispersion are also discussed.
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Floodplain mollusc fauna of the lower Elbe and its tributaries -its history, ecology and changes induced by invasion plant species
Horáčková, Jitka ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Pokorný, Petr (referee) ; Čejka, Tomáš (referee)
The molluscs are very suitable model of invertebrate group for ecological and palaeoecological studies for their specific traits. In the first part of the thesis, we showed based on available fossil mollusc successions that development of the floodplain mollusc fauna took place quite different way in various river floodplains, depending on their specifics and geographical location, because especially the ones situated in the chernozem area of the Czech Republic had very different history. Detailed processing of five fossil mollusc successions in the lower Ohře River floodplain confirmed the impoverishment of recent forest malacofauna does not relate to natural processes only (chapters 3 and 10), but it arises from historical development of this area which was under permanent stress of the human settlement and agricultural utilization (chapter 1) since the coming of the Neolithic people. We made similar conclusions in case of another 11 fossil mollusc successions in the neighbouring České Středohoří Mts. (chapter 2). In the second part of the thesis (chapter 3), we investigated the ecological patterns responsible for species richness and composition of the floodplain mollusc fauna are especially the elevation and humidity gradient, and then vegetation type and its biomass, light conditions of the...
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Importance of flood drifts of the Ohře River for the study of alluvial mollusc communities
Ratajová, Michaela ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Čejka, Tomáš (referee)
When water levels are increased, for instance in case of spring thaw and summer floods, various materials including terrestrial gastropods are pulled down from shores by water. This accumulated material is called flood drift and when interpreted accurately, its composition can provide useful information not only from faunistic point of view. In the past, flood drifts were used to supplement faunistic research of various areas, since it helps to reveal species which are difficult to detect using regular methods. This is also the case of the river Ohře. For the dynamics of molluscan association, water is a significant corridor connecting very similar places. I have attempted to verify, whether it is transported via a river bed, i.e. via stream corridor by means of flood drifts. The results of this theses confirm that gastropods are able to survive in the watercourse and cling several hundred metres down the stream. Thus we talk about short distance spreading. This transport is used by various terrestrial gastropods; however, bigger gastropods are much more likely to survive.
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Holocene succession of European mollusc fauna
Menšík, Jakub ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Moutelíková, Jitka (referee)
Abstact Study of Quaternary mollusc succession has a long-term tradition in Europe. It is because mollusc shells used to be commonly and numerously preserved in calcareous quaternary sediments of various origins. Since the second half of the last century, these successions are used as proxy data in paleoecological studies. Based on knowledge of recent ecology and composition of Quaternary assemblages, mollusc species can be divided into ten ecologicalgroups used for a reconstruction of paleoenvironment. The ecological group of strictly forest species is crucial for central European fauna. . This group indicates the canopy forest with its characteristic microclimatic conditions, which represents zonal ecosystem of Central Europe. Indication value of molluscs for canopy forest habitats used to be in question in other parts of Europe except of Central Europe. That is why this theses reviewed available information on mollusc successions of strictly forest species across Europe based on a maps of known strictly forest species occurrences during the Late Glacial and Holocene. This visualization indicates the general movement patterns of strictly forest mollusc fauna from the Late Glacial to present. The main methodical problems in the study of Holocene mollusc succession are also commented.
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Relations among soil characters, vegetation, and mollusc communities of montain beech forests
Kopalová, Zuzana ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Pech, Pavel (referee)
In three different sites of the Jizerské hory Mountains, we have analysed the effect of soil composition on snail assemblage patterns at small spatial scale. We have chosen such sampling sites so that one site was potentially rich in species, thus, we chose a beech forest enriched with presence of maple (Acer pseudoplatanus), perennial honesty (Lunaria revidida) and white butterbur (Petasites albus), and the second site was bare acidophilous beech forest (Fagetum nudum). In total, there was sampled 22 species of land snails with 919 individuals. None of the soil characteristics has been found to have any statistically significant effect on the snail abundance in sampled sites. For better illustration of species and ecological diversity in the discussed sites, we have used Ellenberg's indicator values for light, humidity, soil reaction, temperature and nutrients. The higher number of species at the enriched sites has been confirmed just for one site out of three. In the Jizerské hory Mountains and surroundings, i.e. at a larger landscape scale, there has been observed an effect of geomorphology, vegetation, human impact and slope orientation on the species diversity. At sites with calcareous background, there has been observed an increase in the species diversity. Sites with rich herbal cover and...
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