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Picritic rocks of the České Střredohoří Mts.
Šnellerová, Zuzana ; Jelínek, Emil (advisor) ; Ulrych, Jaromír (referee)
The first part of the thesis represents a summary of background knowledge about the geology of the České středohoří Mnt. In the second part, picritic rocks were investigated in detail. General aspects of the chemical and mineralogical compositions of this rock type and classification of picrites are discussed. In addition, macro and microscopic characteristics of rocks are included. The results of macroscopic and microscopic investigations indicate that the studied subvulcanic rocks from the České středohoří Mnt. can be characterised as picritic. However, chemical analyses of the rocks did not confirm this conclusion. Only the samples S-39 and S-40 can be disignated as picrites. Although the other samples show similar mineralogical composition, they need to be classified as basic subvulcanites of picritic type due to higher alkali content.
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Geochemical and Ecological Aspects of Trace Elements Content in Macrofungi
Borovička, Jan ; Jelínek, Emil (advisor) ; Hofmeister, Jeňýk (referee) ; Kalač, Pavel (referee)
l.INTRODUCTION Fungi have important biogeochemical roles in the biosphere and are intimately involved in the cycling of elements and transformations of both organic and inorganic substrates (Gadd 2007, Fig. r). The research area of geomycology is focused on the interactions of fungi with geological environment. T^-:-. -'r | ě|ola I I K. <..'---tt-\ \ Organic acid anion Figure l. Proton- and organic acid ligand-mediated dissolution of metals of soils componets and minerals (Gadd 2004). proton release resurts in cation exchange with sorbed metal ions on clay particles, colloids etc. and metal displacement from mineral suďaces. Released metals can interact with biomass and also be taken up by other biota, and react with other environmental components. organic acids anions, e.g. citrate, may cause mineral dissolution or removal by complex formation. Metal complexes can interact with biota as well as environmental constituents. In some circumstances, complex formation may be followed by crystalization, e.g. metal oxalate formation. Many macrofungal species (macromycetes, mushrooms) are capable of accumulating high concentrations of certain trace elements (includini hear,y tr \ \ -=-r Hm Mgt- metals, noble metals and metalloids) in fruit-bodies and thereby affect elemental geochemical cycling. Many studies...
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Slate gas and the prospects of its energy exploitation
Šindler, Matěj ; Přibil, Rudolf (advisor) ; Jelínek, Emil (referee)
First part of bachelor thesis introduces the concept of shale gas - what is the nature of the gas, why it is called shale, etc. Then there is described the technology of mining and acquisition of gas. Another chapter informs about shale gas reserves in the world, its importance and the planned career intentions. Very important part of this work is to look at the impacts of extraction of this gas, in particular climate change, water and soil pollution, impacts on the population, but also other phenomena, such as earthquakes caused by the extraction of this shale gas. The last part is the chapter on the current situation of shale gas exploration in the Czech Republic. At the conclusion, the whole situation regarding shale gas is evaluated and my own views on this extraction are presented.
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Geochemistry of subvolcanites of Roztoky volcanite complex
Jahoda, Jan ; Jelínek, Emil (advisor) ; Matějka, Dobroslav (referee)
Subvulcanics rocks of the Roztoky volcanic centre consists of trachytic and phonolitic intrusions, accompanied by hypabyssal intrusions of trachybasaltic (essexite, monzodiorite) and syenitic (sodalite syenite) charakter and dyke swarm of lamprophyres > semilamprophyres. Intrusions of the hypabyssal faintly alcalic series (essexite, monzodiorite, sodalite syenite) are 33-28 Ma old, the lamprophyres of greatly alcalic series (monchiquite, camptonite) are 31-26 Ma old and the semilamprophyres of faintly alcalic series (gauteite, bostonite) are 28-24 Ma old (sensu Ulrych, 1998). The datas corresponds to the trachybasalt - basaltit - trachyandesite suite of the Děčín Formation and the interval of České středohoří Mts. volcanic activity to (42-16 Ma, Eocene -Miocene). 14 samples plutonic rocks of the essexite-monzodiorite-sodaliticsyenite suite and 10 samples of theirs venous equivalents from (semi)lamprophyres and tinguaites groups were withdrawaled in the Roztoky nad Labem area. I analyzed in detail 5 essexite samples and 6 (semi)lamprophyres samples in those study. I studied the sampels using polarization microscope and subsequently elektron micro-analyzer in the analitic metods laboratory of the Geologic institute of Academy of Science, Czech Republic. All analyzed samples belong to II., hypabysal,...
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Mineralogical and technological characteristics of Cyprus bentonites
Ppalos, Christodoulos ; Přikryl, Richard (advisor) ; Jelínek, Emil (referee)
The Cypriot deposits of bentonite, Phiti, Statos and Pedakomo are located in an autochthon sediment zone, which represents sediments during the marine regression in the period Upper Cretaceous - Pleistocene (67 Ma to 0.0117 Ma). The goal of this thesis is to suggest potential applications of bentonite, through the study of mineralogical composition and analysis of selected properties (chemical, physical and mechanical). The mineralogical study of Cypriot bentonite using X-ray diffraction analysis has proven the existence of clay mineral belonging to the group of smectite (montmorillonite), as well as the existence of minority illite and kaolinite. From non-clay minerals, the majority of the samples contained zeolite (clinoptilolite), quartz, feldspar and in some samples calcite. The semiquantitative representation of crystalline phases, found during the mineralogical study, was calculated through the chemical analysis. The calculations suggest that Cypriot bentonite is composed of 47 - 58 % smectite, 3 - 19 % kaolinite, 3 - 11 % illite, 3 - 10 % clinoptilonite, 8 - 17 % quartz and 2 - 5 % feldspar. From the physicochemical properties, the cation exchange capacity and specific surface area were studied. The values of cation exchange capacity fluctuate in a range 15.8 - 64.3 meq/100g for individual...
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Study of interaction between engineering barriers of deep repository of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste
Podojil, Adam ; Jelínek, Emil (advisor) ; Kozlovcev, Petr (referee)
The thesis describes the different types of radioactive wastes (RAW), it present classification used in Czech Republic (classification of RAW isn't unified but vary according to the needs of the region for which is created. Trend of recent years in RAW disposal aimed at building a deep repositories in suitable geological formations. So it is in Czech Republic where it is planned to build repository in granitic rocks similar to the Swedish model KBS-3V/KBS-3H. This model is based on multi-barrier system which serves to maintain radionuclides outside the environment for at least 100,000 years. The system consist of engineered barriers (waste form, storage overpack, bentonite and cement) and natural barriers (rock environment in the vicinity of deep depository (near field, far field)). Study of interactions of various barriers is an important factor in the development of appropriate forms of final storage. The interactions at interface bentonite-corrosion products of container and cement- bentonite are important in terms of functionality barriers over time. In the long run, there are many changes in the properties of the individual interacting barriers. At the interface bentonite-steel shell of the container when progressing corrosion occurs to the formation of secondary minerals (magnetite, siderite,...
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Geochemistry and petrology of plagiogranites from the Jílové belt
Santolík, Václav ; Ackerman, Lukáš (advisor) ; Jelínek, Emil (referee)
This thesis is focused on the study of the subvolcanic rocks from the northern part of the Jílové belt. The Jílové belt is a strip of magmatic rocks belonging to the Davle Volcanic Complex situated in the center of the Bohemian Massif, south of Prague, close to the border between the Teplá-Barandian and Moldanubian units. The sub-volcanic facies of its northern part has been previously ascribed to trondhjemite, alaskite or plagiogranite. In this study, we provide new geochemical data such as major and trace element analyses paralleled by Sr-Nd isotopic data, which indicate the origin of these rocks in the mantle wedge. They probably represent a final product of a magmatic differentiation of an island arc series. Here, we consider two possible models for their origin, according to which we could also choose the correct classification of these peculiar rocks: adakite, or plagiogranite. Adakites are rocks formed by melting of a subducted slab which are predominantly related to the volcanic arc settings. In comparison, plagiogranites are rocks formed by an extreme differentiation of a mantle- derived basaltic melt in the oceanic crust environment. Our new geochemical data, especially the low degree of light rare earth enrichment (LaN/YbN = 0.8-1.3), is clearly inconsistent with the genetic association...
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Uranium in historical ceramic glazes: Determination by alpha radiation detection and comparison with other methods
Vopat, Michal ; Goliáš, Viktor (advisor) ; Jelínek, Emil (referee)
In the Czech Republic yellow and ivory glazes with uranium in the Ditmar-Urbach and Terra Teplice companies were manufactured in the pre-war and inter-war period. The production of these glazes took place at the latest since the 1900, the material springs have existed since 1912. Their production ended in 1945. The most suitable method of non-destructive determination of uranium was the measurement of surface alpha activity on planar surfaces by a probe with a ZnS (Ag) scintillator constructed special for this bachelor thesis. Altogether 85 samples, evidence of this production, were measured. To determine the conversion of detected alpha activity to uranium content, an indirect calibration method was chosen to measure uranium content in three types of glazes by WDS analysis. In the studied set, uranium contents ranged from 0.2-2.2 % with the highest frequency ranging from 0.5-0.6 % U. 16 samples of yellow and ivory glazes were without added uranium with contents up to 322 ppm eU. Comparison of uranium contents determined by surface alpha activity measurement with area beta activity confirmed that the glazing does not form a saturated layer for beta radiation. Three types of glazes analyzed by WDS were also measured by XRF. By comparing uranium contents determined by both methods, it was found that...
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Geochemical and Ecological Aspects of Trace Elements Content in Macrofungi
Borovička, Jan ; Jelínek, Emil (advisor) ; Hofmeister, Jeňýk (referee) ; Kalač, Pavel (referee)
l.INTRODUCTION Fungi have important biogeochemical roles in the biosphere and are intimately involved in the cycling of elements and transformations of both organic and inorganic substrates (Gadd 2007, Fig. r). The research area of geomycology is focused on the interactions of fungi with geological environment. T^-:-. -'r | ě|ola I I K. <..'---tt-\ \ Organic acid anion Figure l. Proton- and organic acid ligand-mediated dissolution of metals of soils componets and minerals (Gadd 2004). proton release resurts in cation exchange with sorbed metal ions on clay particles, colloids etc. and metal displacement from mineral suďaces. Released metals can interact with biomass and also be taken up by other biota, and react with other environmental components. organic acids anions, e.g. citrate, may cause mineral dissolution or removal by complex formation. Metal complexes can interact with biota as well as environmental constituents. In some circumstances, complex formation may be followed by crystalization, e.g. metal oxalate formation. Many macrofungal species (macromycetes, mushrooms) are capable of accumulating high concentrations of certain trace elements (includini hear,y tr \ \ -=-r Hm Mgt- metals, noble metals and metalloids) in fruit-bodies and thereby affect elemental geochemical cycling. Many studies...
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