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Design of a filter unit for waste gas cleaning
Volánka, Lukáš ; Wegschmied, Roman (referee) ; Jecha, David (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on the design of the filtration unit and on particulate matter, or PM, which is still a significant contributor to air pollution. The first chapter describes the basic properties of these pollutants and their influence on the design of the separator. The next chapter briefly discusses the current legislation in the Czech Republic dealing with emission and air pollution limits. In the third chapter, which is also the last of the theoretical part of the thesis, the individual methods of removal of PMs are presented and explained. The practical part follows, mainly devoted to the design of the filtration unit for the given case, which ends with the measurement of emissions and a brief evaluation of the results.
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Absorption Cleaning of Flue Gases Arising from the Incineration of Wastes
Jecha, David ; Klemeš,, Jiří (referee) ; Žaloudík, Petr (referee) ; Bébar, Ladislav (advisor)
This doctoral thesis deals with potentials of methods for cleaning of flue gas from pollutants such as acidic components. Wet method of flue gas cleaning is analysed in detail with special focus on elimination of sulphur dioxide (SO2). Introduction presents advantages and disadvantages of thermal processing of waste and production of undesired pollutants. Following parts comprise facts about main pollutants produced from incineration. Legislation providing for emission of gaseous pollutants from incinerators is also given. Chapter concerning methods of pollutants elimination is mostly focused on absorption (wet and/or semidry scrubber) and adsorption methods. Several up-to-date technological procedures are mentioned; they have a multifunctional effect such as elimination of acidic components, heavy metals, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxines and dibenzo-furanes from flue gas using single injection of suspense. Elimination of mercury (Hg) is among the technologies for heavy metal elimination which is described in detail. Main part of the thesis is related to experiments at two-stage flue gas cleaning equipment. Function of this experimental unit is described along with methods for measurement of individual quantities and detailed description of all the equipment and its components. Experimental measurements carried out at this equipment are explicated and assessed. Along with experimental work, the author has created a simulation model of wet flue gas cleaning in ChemCad programme. Particular operational parameters were tested on this model. This thesis contains results of the measurement which provide background for verification of the mathematical model. Further, the balance of heavy metals conducted on the basis of measurements in waste incinerator is displayed. Main contribution of the thesis may be summed up as follows: Author has designed and constructed experimental equipment for two stage flue gas cleaning. He also formed calculation for pressure drop of O-element prototype equipment and for packing column with FLEXIPAC structured packing. He created data file with measurements at the experimental unit. He determined temperature at outlet of a random device where liquid is injected into stream of hot flue gas. He designed a simulation model which is identical with experimental equipment and which usage enabled comparison of measured and calculated data; it also serves as a basis for industrial applications. Last part deals with creation off heavy metals balance in a case industrial waste incinerator.
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Analysis of flue gas in automatic domestic boilers for agropelet
Minář, Marek ; Lisý, Martin (referee) ; Jecha, David (advisor)
The objective of the presented bachelor thesis is flue gas analysis during combustion of agropellets in automatic household boilers. Emphasis is placed on the description of biomass as a fuel, the ways of using biomass for energy purposes, alterations of biomass, production and properties of alternative pellets, automatic boilers and burners for combustion of specific fuel types. The end of the theoretical part is focused on standards and regulations for boiler operation. The practical part verifies the formation of emission on small sources of pollution and determines the concentration of solid and gaseous pollutants. The end of the practical part pursues with comparison of results with legislative requirements and calculation of boiler efficiency.
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Household fermentor design
Švec, Jan ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Houdková, Lucie (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to design a fermentation unit specially adjusted for household operating. Unit processes kitchen and garden biodegradable waste with requirements of low acquisition costs, operating costs and demands of service. Benefits of this unit are production of biogas, which will be utilized in household, and processed of biodegradable waste to nutritious manure. The first part of the work is aimed on description of anaerobic fermentation process and summary of operating conditions. The main part deals with potential of household and garden biodegradable waste for production of biogas and design of fermentation unit. Proposals for biogas utilization and economy of whole project are mentioned.
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Reduction of NOx contained in flue gas
Janík, Prokop ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Jedlička, Filip (advisor)
Research in the field of NOX abatement has grown significantly in the past two decades. The general trend has been to develop new catalysts with complex materials in order to meet the stringent environmental regulations. The master’s thesis deals with the cleaning flue gases through a filter element which is from porous ceramics. There is catalyst implemented for NOx reduction throug the method of selective catalytic reduction in the filter element. There is also description of experimental unit for flue gas cleaning. Part of the thesis is creation of prediction model which allows to predict efficiency reduction in the filtration device operating conditions with some accuracy.
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Measurement of selected components in flue gas
Stach, Vítězslav ; Bojanovský, Jiří (referee) ; Jecha, David (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on measurement of chosen components in flue gas, which originates during waste incineration. The thesis states ordered maximum limits and Czech as well as European legislation which controls and adjusts operation of waste incineration plants. This thesis is divided into two parts, first deals with legislation, chosen components generally, limits, analysers and used methods. The second part is devoted to experimental measurement using different types of analysers, description of measuring procedure and evaluation of results.
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Treatment of flue gas polluted by NOx II
Jedlička, Filip ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Dvořák, Radek (advisor)
My master’s thesis deals with the problems of NOx abatement that are included in flue gases. The accent is put on combined flue gases treatment throug ceramic candles, where the deposited catalyst enables NOx reduction throug the method of selective catalytic reduction. The main aim of my master’s thesis has been the design of experimental equipment for current removal of gas pollutants (dioxins, VOC and NOx) and fly-ash on catalitic ceramic candle. Design of experimental equipment consisted in the calculation of basic characteristics like pipe diameter, filtration chamber diameter, heater performance etc. During the design it was necessary to build pressure drop model that was split into head loss of ceramic candle and piping system. For the evaluation of experimentally measured data and for description of ongoing catalytic reaction in various operating conditions was made prediction model of catalytical filter. The last chapter deals with planned experimental testings.
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Biogas processing
Kudláč, Adam ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Dvořák, Radek (advisor)
The diploma thesis includes proposals suitable for usage of the technologies for clearing the biogas into a quality of substitute natural gas (SNG). The most suitable technology is chosen for the clearing the biogas out of the septic tanks of the laboratory for biologically decomposable waste treatment at Institute of process and environmental engineering. There is a calculation , a proposal and a realisation of the experimental unit for clearing the biogas performed.
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Distribution of heavy metals in waste incinerator
Poláková, Annamária ; Brummer, Vladimír (referee) ; Jecha, David (advisor)
The main scope of thesis is to describe the pollutant removal techniques with a focus on heavy metals. With that relate chapters describing the formation of pollutants and their effect on human health. The thesis focuses on a detailed description of flue gas cleaning technology and its evaluation. Evaluation is shown in tables comparing emission measurement on waste incineration plant SAKO Brno, a.s. with emission limits. The thesis also briefly describes other options for municipal waste management.
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Methods of removing persistant polutants (dioxins)
Ferdan, Tomáš ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Pařízek, Tomáš (advisor)
The bachelor‘s thesis deals with rise of dioxins in waste-to-energy system in municipal waste incinerator and with technologies for their removal. The thesis speaks commonly about characteristics of dioxins and about their influence on environment and health in the first part. Furthermore are outlined the ways of dioxins production and the emission limits for off-gas. The second part of the bachelor’s thesis includes description of commonly used methods for removing dioxins from off-gas. There are mentioned their main advantages, disadvantages and compared efficiency of individual methods.
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