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Characteristics of polyphase deformation in quartz microstructure: an example from the Krkonoše-jizera Unit
Očenášková, Eva ; Jeřábek, Petr (advisor) ; Závada, Prokop (referee)
Quartzite samples taken in the east part of Krkonoše-Jizera Massif belong to metasedimentary cover of paraautochtonous unit. Rocks underwent a polyphase deformation which established a strong shape preffered orientation (SPO) of quartz grains. In folded quartz veins, deformation overprint mechanisms and microstructure, CPO and SPO relations were studied. For determination of crystal preffered orientations (CPO) the method of computer integrated polarization microscopy (CIP) was used. Microstructural analysis was focused on grain sizes, aspect ratios, long axis orientations and their relation to the deformation overprint grade. Results implies that dominant mechanism of quartz grain recrystallization is grain boundary migration. Folds were created by simple shear in microscale. The deformation overprint grade is strongest in the top of the fold hinge, where grains achieve highest aspect ratios and sizes. In the lower parts of the fold hinge the original CPO is preserved in small grains and SPO has similar orientation to original CPO. During folding CPO and SPO rotated with shear direction in dependance on deformation overprint grade.
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Kinematic record of Jurassic obduction of oceanic crust in the West Carpathians
Čermák, Vojtěch ; Jeřábek, Petr (advisor) ; Vojtko, Rastislav (referee)
English abstract The bachelor thesis is focussed on problems of Jurassic subduction of Meliatic ocean in the region of the Western Carpathians. This oceanic domain opened during the Middle Triasic and closed at the end of Middle Jurassic. The existence of the oceanic domain in the Western Carpathians is documented by sedimentary rocks of oceanic origin glaucophane bearing basalts and serpentinized ultramafic rocks preserved in the area of the presumed suture zone. The chemical composition of metabasalts corresponds to the transition between the basalts of mid-oceanic ridges and basalts of island arcs. The metabasalts underwent high-pressure, low- temperature metamorphism, which proves their drag into to substantial depths during subduction and were later exhumed to structurally lower parts of the accretionary wedge. The research was focussed on identification of deformation record in units of the southern Gemeric Superunit, Meliata Unit (Borka Nappe) and Silicic Nappe. Four deformation events D1 - D4 were identified on the basis of structural analysis in the studied area. Deformation events D1 - D3 show distinct record in different units and are associated with roughly east- west direct of compression connected with the subduction of Meliatic oceanic plate, exhumation of its parts into an accretion complex...
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Localization of deformation in rocks with existing anisotropy: consequences for geodynamic interpretations
Bukovská, Zita ; Jeřábek, Petr (advisor) ; Stünitz, Holger (referee) ; Grasemann, Bernhard (referee)
Localization of deformation occurs in Earth's crust as a consequence of applied stress and is widespread phenomenon that can be found in crustal rocks. Such localization of deformation can be mostly seen in a form of shear zones. Small shear zones referred as shear bands or S-C structures are often used as kinematic indicators. However, the evolution and kinematic continuity of such structures is not well identified, which makes it problematic when interpreting regional geodynamic evolution. Two possible cases were distinguished and described in this thesis: a) kinematically discontinuous S-C structures formed during two deformation events and b) kinematically continuous S-C structures formed during single deformation event. Kinematically unrelated S-C structures were studied in westernmost part of Tauern Window in Eastern Alps and in Gemer-Vepor Contact Zone in Central West Carpathians where previous geodynamic interpretations might have misinterpreted localization structures. Kinematically continuous shear bands were studied in South Armorican Shear Zone where the S-C fabrics were originally defined and described (Berthé et al., 1979). Two fabrics that crosscut each other at small angles forming S-C geometries were documented during field work and studied from macroscale down to microscale or...
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The Trade Effects of the EU-Turkey Customs Union: Based on Gravity Model.
Kong, Xiangyi ; Jeřábek, Petr (advisor) ; Chondrogiannis, Ilias (referee) ; Semerák, Vilém (referee)
In view of the postponement of negotiations for the modernization of the EU-Turkey customs union, this paper is aimed to look back and examine the ex-post impacts of the CU by examining its trade creation and diversion effects. The study tests effects of 44 countries (including Turkey, 28 EU and 15 non-EU countries) with aggregated data for time period from 1989 to 2019 and disaggregated sectoral trade data from 1995 to 2019. For estimation, the gravity model with strong theoretical and empirical foundation is used by combining various fixed effects with PPML method. The results from the aggregated analysis confirm the trade-promoting effects of the EU-Turkey customs union with mixed effects on both trade within the members (intra-trade creation effects) and trade with non- members (extra-trade creation effects). But the trade diversion is not significantly proved in the model. Besides, a substantial heterogeneity in the CU effect is found across different industries, suggesting the CU has significantly improved the trade on textiles, transportation, machinery, metals and plastics/rubbers, but negligibly influence agriculture, mineral and chemicals. Furthermore, the study also evidences that the impact of the CU is stronger in EU's export to Turkey than Turkey's export to the EU. Finally, CU's...
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Exploring the Interaction between Foreign Direct Investment and International trade with a Focus on CEECs.
Zhang, Ling ; Szobi, Pavel (advisor) ; Figueira, Filipa (referee) ; Jeřábek, Petr (referee)
Our research reveals the impact of foreign direct investment on the intensity of bilateral trade in the Central Eastern European (CEE) region, focusing on countries of Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Estonia (CEE-6). Previous literature and research results indicate that there is a complementary or substitute relationship between FDI and trade. However, the studies of this subject on the CEE region are scarce. Our study employs the gravity model to analyze the impact of FDI on bilateral trade with panel data of each country from 2005 to 2019. Based on the panel data, we investigate the commercial integration among CEE-6 and with main EU commercial partners. Our results suggest a prevalence of complementary relationships in Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia, yet each country demonstrates the relationship through different facts. The complementary relationship is attributed to the prevalent vertical FDI in CEECs, especially in the automotive industry. However, Estonia displays a substitutive relationship between outward FDI and trade. Moreover, we find the commercial integration only exists among the Visegrad group.
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How Common Currency Influences the Business Cycles in Central and East European Countries.
Wang, Yue ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Li, Yating (referee) ; Jeřábek, Petr (referee)
This paper investigates how the introduce of single currency influence on the synchronization of business cycles in Central Eastern European Countries. The Hodrick-Prescott filter is applied to extract the cyclical component of real GDP for fifteen European countries and the Vector Autoregression models are applied to further investigate the influence of fiscal policy on regional economies. A database of quarterly real GDP for business cycles and quarterly current account for fiscal variables for the period: 1995Q1-2019Q4 is constructed. The main results of the study can be summarized as follows. The establishment of Economy Monetary Union has significantly increased the level of co-movement across euro area member states. There is a high degree of synchronization of business cycles in core countries than periphery countries after the introduce of common currency. For CEEC-7 including non-Eurozone countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland) and Eurozone countries (Estonia, Germany, Slovakia, Slovenia), clusters in correlation exist because their GDP reacts differently to the fiscal shocks especially after the global financial crisis and ongoing euro area crisis. Key words business cycle synchronization; Economic integration; Fiscal policy; VAR
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Evaluation of the Impact of Banking Regulation on the Stability of Banking Sector in CEE EU Members
Wang, Mengyao ; Jeřábek, Petr (advisor) ; Ji, Yuemei (referee) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee)
The thesis studies the impact of European banking regulatory reforms on the stability of Central and Eastern European countries after the financial crisis with the annual data from Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia from 2009 to 2019. The thesis reaches several conclusions. Firstly, increasing minimum Tier 1 capital adequacy ratio through CRR/CRD IV did not significantly promote the bank stability in sample countries. However, total capital adequacy ratio is found to have positive and significant association with overall insolvency risk. Secondly, relaxing restrictions would have negative impact on bank stability measured by bank z-score. Thirdly, countries that are more open on the regulation may have more stable banks, while tighter entry restrictions boost bank fragility. Fourthly, when only taking deposit insurance variables as explanatory variables, increasing the level of deposit insurance coverage may dampen the bank stability. However, when controlling other regulation and supervision indexes, the results do not show any significant effect of deposit insurance scheme on bank z-score. Lastly, the supervisory variables are not significantly associated with bank stability in sample countries.
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Study of naphthalene access pathways to cytochrome P450 1A2.
Martinka, Jakub ; Jeřábek, Petr (advisor) ; Kulhánek, Petr (referee)
Cytochrome P450 1A2 is a human liver enzyme of a hemoprotein nature that belongs to the evolutionarily ancient group of cytochromes P450. Cytochrome P450 substrates include a wide range of drugs and most procarcinogens, making it a crucial enzyme for the study of carcinogenesis. The main reaction catalyzed by cytochrome P450 1A2 is monooxygenation, in which an oxygen atom is incorporated into a substrate molecule. This reaction takes place at an active site which, in the case of published structure of cytochrome P450 1A2, is buried in the core of the catalytic domain without an accessible tunnels. Molecular modeling techniques allow the study of dynamic phenomena in large systems and are therefore also suitable for simulations of the transport of substrate molecules to the active site. The tunnels are being made accessible due to structural fluctuations. In this work, molecular modeling techniques were used to study the pathways that the naphthalene molecule uses to enter the active site of cytochrome P450 1A2. A system consisting of cytochrome P450 1A2 anchored in a phospholipid membrane, water, ion and naphthalene molecules was simulated. The simulations yielded trajectories with a total length of 8 µs and the analysis identified seven tunnels that can be used to transport substrates....
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